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A strong initial systemic inflammatory response is associated with higher corticosteroid requirements and longer duration of therapy in patients with giant‐cell arteritis
40/40 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
4 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 40 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1002/1529-0131(199801)41:1<26::AID-ART4>3.0.CO;2-0
Association between strong inflammatory response and low risk of developing visual loss and other cranial ischemic complications in giant cell (temporal) arteritis
resolves10.1056/NEJM199902113400607
Acute-Phase Proteins and Other Systemic Responses to Inflammation
resolves10.1136/ard.40.5.493
Relationship of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate to acute phase proteins in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
resolves10.1136/ard.48.8.667
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein in the assessment of polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis on presentation and during follow up.
resolves10.1002/art.1780341215
Temporal arteritis with low erythrocyte sedimentation rate: A review of five cases
resolves10.1016/0002-9343(86)90645-5
Temporal arteritis without an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
resolves10.1136/bmj.300.6721.344
Stopping steroids in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
resolves10.1136/ard.47.9.733
Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: a retrospective analysis of prognostic features and different corticosteroid regimens (11 year survey of 210 patients).
resolves10.1136/ard.48.8.662
Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. II. Relation between steroid dose and steroid associated side effects.
resolves10.1002/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1497::AID-ART22>3.0.CO;2-Z
Permanent visual loss and cerebrovascular accidents in giant cell arteritis: Predictors and response to treatment
resolves10.1097/00005792-200009000-00001
Visual Manifestations of Giant Cell Arteritis: Trends and Clinical Spectrum in 161 Patients
resolves10.1002/art.1780360913
Correlation of interleukin‐6 production and disease activity in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
resolves10.1002/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1041::AID-ANR12>3.0.CO;2-7
Treatment of giant cell arteritis: Interleukin-6 as a biologic marker of disease activity
resolves10.7326/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00003
Tissue Cytokine Patterns in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
resolves10.1172/JCI117428
Functional profile of tissue-infiltrating and circulating CD68+ cells in giant cell arteritis. Evidence for two components of the disease.
resolves10.1093/rheumatology/29.6.456
INTERLEUKIN-6 IN SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
resolves10.1136/ard.55.6.403-b
Interleukin-6 in clinical relapses of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
resolves10.1093/rheumatology/36.9.976
The sequential analysis of T lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-6 in polymyalgia rheumatica patients as predictors of disease remission and steroid withdrawal
resolves10.1093/rheumatology/37.7.797
Circulating levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptor in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis and rheumatoid arthritis
resolves10.1093/rheumatology/37.7.766
Cytokines and adhesion molecules in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica
resolves10.1016/S0167-5699(97)81662-3
Cytokine regulation of endothelial cell function: from molecular level to the bedside
resolves10.1016/S0041-1345(98)01402-X
Regulation of endothelial cell function by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines
resolves10.1089/107999099314234
Human Endothelium as a Source of Multifunctional Cytokines: Molecular Regulation and Possible Role in Human Disease
resolves10.1097/00041552-199901000-00014
Effects of cytokines on nitric oxide pathways in human vasculature
resolves10.1002/1529-0131(200001)43:1<184::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-N
Cell adhesion molecules in the development of inflammatory infiltrates in giant cell arteritis: Inflammation-induced angiogenesis as the preferential site of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions
resolves10.1096/fasebj.4.11.2199284
Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL 6 and related molecules (IL 1 and TNF)
resolves10.1056/NEJM200011303432201
A Comparison of Etanercept and Methotrexate in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
resolves10.1056/NEJM200011303432202
Infliximab and Methotrexate in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
resolves10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70332-X
Efficacy and safety of retreatment with anti–tumor necrosis factor antibody (infliximab) to maintain remission in Crohn's disease
resolves10.1002/1529-0131(200105)44:5<1149::AID-ANR197>3.0.CO;2-F
Etanercept combined with conventional treatment in Wegener's granulomatosis: A six-month open-label trial to evaluate safety
The 4 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedVascular manifestations of systemic autoimmune diseases
no DOI — not checkedGiant cell arteritis with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate lower than 50
no DOI — not checkedSerum cytokine and cytokine receptor levels in patients with giant‐cell arteritis during corticotherapy
no DOI — not checkedInflammation‐induced angiogenic response and the development of cranial ischemic complications in giant‐cell arteritis patients
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