Reference health
Strangers look sicker (with implications in times of COVID‐19)
59/59 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
12 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 59 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1098/rstb.2014.0105
Implications of the behavioural immune system for social behaviour and human health in the modern world
resolves10.1073/pnas.1617357114
Behavioral and neural correlates to multisensory detection of sick humans
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.81
Error management theory: A new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading.
resolves10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_3
The Paranoid Optimist: An Integrative Evolutionary Model of Cognitive Biases
resolves10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.05.008
Pathogen-avoidance mechanisms and the stigmatization of obese people
resolves10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.04.001
Facial disfigurement is treated like an infectious disease
resolves10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.187
Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: The functions of social exclusion.
resolves10.1023/A:1023910408854
Evolved Disease-Avoidance Processes and Contemporary Anti-Social Behavior: Prejudicial Attitudes and Avoidance of People with Physical Disabilities
resolves10.1017/S0003055416000770
The Behavioral Immune System Shapes Political Intuitions: Why and How Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity Underlie Opposition to Immigration
resolves10.1073/pnas.1607398113
Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations
resolves10.1017/S0140525X11000021
Parasite-stress promotes in-group assortative sociality: The cases of strong family ties and heightened religiosity
resolves10.1371/journal.pgen.0030071
Y Chromosome Lineage- and Village-Specific Genes on Chromosomes 1p22 and 6q27 Control Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan
resolves10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80038-7
Behavioral adaptations to pathogens and parasites: Five strategies
resolves10.1086/527496
A Meta‐Analysis of Factors Affecting Local Adaptation between Interacting Species
resolves10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.12.003
The behavioral immune system is designed to avoid infected individuals, not outgroups
resolves10.1177/1368430204046142
Evolved Disease-Avoidance Mechanisms and Contemporary Xenophobic Attitudes
resolves10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.06.002
Elevated ethnocentrism in the first trimester of pregnancy
resolves10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.011
Human threat management systems: Self-protection and disease avoidance
resolves10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.003
The behavioral immune system and social conservatism: a meta-analysis
resolves10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.006
Body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with prejudice towards a fictive group of immigrants
resolves10.1098/rspb.2008.0094
Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism
resolves10.1177/1474704919826851
Generalized or Origin-Specific Out-Group Prejudice?: The Role of Temporary and Chronic Pathogen-Avoidance Motivation in Intergroup Relations
resolves10.1177/0956797617728270
Healthy Out-Group Members Are Represented Psychologically as Infected In-Group Members
resolves10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.002
Physiological and behavioral responses to strangers compared to friends as a source of disgust
resolves10.1002/ejsp.263
Does the source of an interpersonal odour affect disgust? A disease risk model and its alternatives
resolves10.1177/0956797620960011
Behavioral Immune Trade-Offs: Interpersonal Value Relaxes Social Pathogen Avoidance
resolves10.1177/147470490900700116
Biologically Costly Altruism Depends on Emotional Closeness among Step but Not Half or Full Sibling
resolves10.1007/s40806-016-0078-0
Disgust, Empathy, and Care of the Sick: an Evolutionary Perspective
resolves10.1177/1474704918813433
Sensitivity to Deviance and to Dissimilarity: Basic Cognitive Processes Under Activation of the Behavioral Immune System
resolves10.1177/2277436X19844882
The Sentinelese of North Sentinel Island: A Reappraisal of Tribal Scenario in an Andaman Island in the Context of Killing of an American Preacher
resolves10.1126/science.abb3221
Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
resolves10.1098/rsif.2010.0142
Modelling the influence of human behaviour on the spread of infectious diseases: a review
resolves10.1016/j.idm.2020.04.001
To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic
resolves10.1111/1365-2656.13193
Sickness effects on social interactions depend on the type of behaviour and relationship
resolves10.1007/s00265-014-1849-x
No evidence for avoidance of visibly diseased conspecifics in the highly social banded mongoose (Mungos mungo)
resolves10.1371/journal.pmed.0050074
Social Contacts and Mixing Patterns Relevant to the Spread of Infectious Diseases
resolves10.1126/sciadv.aba3274
Same father, same face: Deep learning reveals selection for signaling kinship in a wild primate
The 12 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAdvances in experimental social psychology
no DOI — not checkedIdentification of acutely sick people and facial cues of sickness
no DOI — not checkedFoundations of evolutionary psychology
no DOI — not checkedPlagues and peoples
no DOI — not checkedThrough the looking‐glass and what Alice found there
no DOI — not checkedA new evolutionary law
no DOI — not checkedThe history and geography of human genes
no DOI — not checkedAnthropometric reference data for children and adults: United States, 2011–2014
no DOI — not checkedEmergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 through recombination and strong purifying selection
no DOI — not checkedThe ‘Icarus effect’ of preventative health behaviors
no DOI — not checkedTurbulent gas clouds and respiratory pathogen emissions
no DOI — not checkedSounds of sickness: Can people identify infectious disease using sounds of coughs and sneezes?
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