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Conversion of Levulinic Acid and Formic Acid into γ‐Valerolactone over Heterogeneous Catalysts

https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201000163
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21/21 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

4 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 21 checked references that resolve
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Sustainability: Chemistry Is Key
resolves10.1039/B712863K
γ-Valerolactone—a sustainable liquid for energy and carbon-based chemicals
resolves10.1039/b705782b
Towards ‘bio-based’ Nylon: conversion of γ-valerolactone to methyl pentenoate under catalytic distillation conditions
resolves10.1016/j.apcata.2004.05.048
Catalytic synthesis of α-methylene-γ-valerolactone: a biomass-derived acrylic monomer
resolves10.1002/ange.201002061
Pentensäure als Wegbereiter für cellulosebasierte Biotreibstoffe
resolves10.1002/ange.201000655
Valeric Biofuels: A Platform of Cellulosic Transportation Fuels
resolves10.1002/anie.201000655
Valeric Biofuels: A Platform of Cellulosic Transportation Fuels
resolves10.1126/science.1184362
Integrated Catalytic Conversion of γ-Valerolactone to Liquid Alkenes for Transportation Fuels
resolves10.1039/b708754c
Maximising opportunities in supercritical chemistry: the continuous conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone in CO2
resolves10.1021/cr068360d
Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass:  Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering
resolves10.1021/cr050989d
Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals
resolves10.1002/ange.201002060
Selective and Flexible Transformation of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals by a Multifunctional Catalytic System
resolves10.1002/anie.201002060
Selective and Flexible Transformation of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals by a Multifunctional Catalytic System
resolves10.1007/s11244-008-9047-6
Integration of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes for a Multi-step Conversion of Biomass: From Sucrose to Levulinic Acid, γ-Valerolactone, 1,4-Pentanediol, 2-Methyl-tetrahydrofuran, and Alkanes
resolves10.1039/b924648g
Transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid under hydrothermal conditions catalyzed by sulfate as a temperature-switchable base
resolves10.1039/b904693c
Combined dehydration/(transfer)-hydrogenation of C6-sugars (D-glucose and D-fructose) to γ-valerolactone using ruthenium catalysts
resolves10.1002/ange.200902281
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates into γ‐Valerolactone without Using an External H<sub>2</sub> Supply
resolves10.1002/anie.200902281
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates into γ‐Valerolactone without Using an External H<sub>2</sub> Supply
resolves10.1002/ange.200800320
A Viable Hydrogen‐Storage System Based On Selective Formic Acid Decomposition with a Ruthenium Catalyst
resolves10.1002/anie.200800320
A Viable Hydrogen‐Storage System Based On Selective Formic Acid Decomposition with a Ruthenium Catalyst
resolves10.1039/b900229b
Bio-oxygenates and the peroxide number: a safety issue alert
The 4 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checked 
no DOI — not checked 
no DOI — not checkedL. E.Manzer US 0207878 2002;
no DOI — not checkedL. E.Manzer K. W.Hutchenson US 0254384 2004;
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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