Reference health
A Comparison Between Bonobos and Chimpanzees: A Review and Update
86/86 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-24
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
13 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 86 checked references that resolve
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Generation times in wild chimpanzees and gorillas suggest earlier divergence times in great ape and human evolution
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The Social Behavior of Chimpanzees and Bonobos: Empirical Evidence and Shifting Assumptions
resolves10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.001
Chimpanzee tool technology in the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.070
Bonobos Exhibit Delayed Development of Social Behavior and Cognition Relative to Chimpanzees
resolves10.1038/275744a0
Pygmy chimpanzee as a possible prototype for the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas
resolves10.1002/evan.21456
How did bonobos come to range south of the congo river? Reconsideration of the divergence of <i>Pan paniscus</i> from other <i>Pan</i> populations
resolves10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.010
Mate competition, testosterone and intersexual relationships in bonobos, Pan paniscus
resolves10.1098/rspb.2010.1572
Mothers matter! Maternal support, dominance status and mating success in male bonobos (<i>Pan paniscus</i>)
resolves10.1163/156853903771980648
Intra- and Inter-Sexual Aggression By Bonobos in the Context of Mating
resolves10.1163/156853999501739
SOCIAL BONDS AND GENETIC TIES: KINSHIP, ASSOCIATION AND AFFILIATION IN A COMMUNITY OF BONOBOS (PAN PANISCUS)
resolves10.1023/A:1026327627943
Agonistic Interactions and Matrifocal Dominance Rank of Wild Bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba
resolves10.1038/nature13727
Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts
resolves10.1007/BF02640692
Association and social interactions between strangers and residents in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
resolves10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.007
The self-domestication hypothesis: evolution of bonobo psychology is due to selection against aggression
resolves10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.03.019
Social dynamics among females and their influence on social structure in an East African chimpanzee community
resolves10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.03.024
Dominance rank influences female space use in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: towards an ideal despotic distribution
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0002431
Female Chimpanzees Use Copulation Calls Flexibly to Prevent Social Competition
resolves10.1007/BF02735199
Social interactions and the life history of femalePan paniscus in Wamba, Zaire
resolves10.1023/A:1005471512788
Dominance and its Behavioral Measures in a Captive Group of Bonobos (Pan paniscus)
resolves10.1002/ajp.20387
Female feeding priority in bonobos, <i>Pan paniscus</i>, and the question of female dominance
resolves10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.004
Comparison of the endocranial ontogenies between chimpanzees and bonobos via temporal regression and spatiotemporal registration
resolves10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.12.005
A geometric morphometric analysis of heterochrony in the cranium of chimpanzees and bonobos
resolves10.1163/1568539X-00003202
The influence of testosterone on cognitive performance in bonobos and chimpanzees
resolves10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.07.011
Age-related changes in urinary testosterone levels suggest differences in puberty onset and divergent life history strategies in bonobos and chimpanzees
resolves10.1093/scan/nsr017
Differences between chimpanzees and bonobos in neural systems supporting social cognition
resolves10.1093/scan/nsv128
Differential serotonergic innervation of the amygdala in bonobos and chimpanzees
resolves10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.03.013
Female sexual swelling size, timing of ovulation, and male behavior in wild West African chimpanzees
resolves10.1006/anbe.1999.1159
The evolution of exaggerated sexual swellings in primates and the graded-signal hypothesis
resolves10.1007/s00265-003-0713-1
Dominance, cortisol and stress in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii )
resolves10.1163/1568539X-00003212
Prolonged maximal sexual swelling in wild bonobos facilitates affiliative interactions between females
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0127305
Welcome Back: Responses of Female Bonobos (Pan paniscus) to Fusions
resolves10.1002/ajp.20640
The relationship between socio‐sexual behavior and salivary cortisol in bonobos: tests of the tension regulation hypothesis
resolves10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15933A5322627.en
Pan troglodytes: Oates, J.F., Tutin, C.E.G., Humle, T., Wilson, M.L., Baillie, J.E.M., Balmforth, Z., Blom, A., Boesch, C., Cox, D., Davenport, T., Dunn, A., Dupain, J., Duvall, C., Ellis, C.M., Farmer, K.H., Gatti, S., Greengrass, E., Hart, J., Herbinger, I., Hicks, C., Hunt, K.D., Kamenya, S., Maisels, F., Mitani, J.C., Moore, J., Morgan, B.J., Morgan, D.B., Nakamura, M., Nixon, S., Plumptre, A.J., Reynolds, V., Stokes, E.J. & Walsh, P.D.
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0093742
Nest Grouping Patterns of Bonobos (Pan paniscus) in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Forest-Savannah Mosaic
resolves10.1163/156853988X00494
Feeding Competition and Patch Size in the Chimpanzee Species Pan Paniscus and Pan Troglodytes
resolves10.1007/s10329-009-0141-6
Factors underlying party size differences between chimpanzees and bonobos: a review and hypotheses for future study
resolves10.1007/978-0-387-74787-3_8
Relationships among Fruit Abundance, Ranging Rate, and Party Size and Composition of Bonobos at Wamba
resolves10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.09.005
A comparison of bonobo and chimpanzee tool use: evidence for a female bias in the Pan lineage
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0129684
Social Attention in the Two Species of Pan: Bonobos Make More Eye Contact than Chimpanzees
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.040
Tolerance Allows Bonobos to Outperform Chimpanzees on a Cooperative Task
resolves10.1073/pnas.1108517109
Chimpanzees’ flexible targeted helping based on an understanding of conspecifics’ goals
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.032
Vocal Learning in the Functionally Referential Food Grunts of Chimpanzees
The 13 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedField studies of Pan troglodytes reviewed and comprehensively mapped, focussing on Japan's contribution to cultural primatology
no DOI — not checkedEvolution and behavior
no DOI — not checkedFrom primitives to primates: a history of ethnographic and primatological analogies in the study of prehistory
no DOI — not checkedThe evolution of human behavior: primate models
no DOI — not checkedThe evolution of human behavior: primate models
no DOI — not checkedThe chimpanzees of Gombe: patterns of behavior
no DOI — not checkedThe last ape: pygmy chimpanzee behavior and ecology
no DOI — not checkedSexual coercion in primates: an evolutionary perspective on male aggression against females
no DOI — not checkedThe great apes
no DOI — not checkedAll apes great and small: African apes
no DOI — not checkedHandbook of sexology
no DOI — not checkedChimpanzee cultures
no DOI — not checkedChimpanzee cultures
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