Reference health
The End-Permian Mass Extinction: Nature’s Revolution
1 of 94 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-07-22
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
11 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.1017/S0022336000018230
The 93 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.10.006
A Late Permian flora with Dicroidium from the Dead Sea region, Jordan
resolves10.1130/G31203.1
Anomalous Early Triassic sediment fluxes due to elevated weathering rates and their biological consequences
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.07.007
Spatial variation in sediment fluxes, redox conditions, and productivity in the Permian–Triassic Panthalassic Ocean
resolves10.1163/18759866-08502004
Triadobatrachus massinoti, the earliest known lissamphibian (Vertebrata: Tetrapoda) re-examined by μCT scan, and the evolution of trunk length in batrachians
resolves10.1111/let.12156
Microbiota and food residues including possible evidence of pre-mammalian hair in Upper Permian coprolites from Russia
resolves10.1098/rsta.2007.2046
The stability of the stratospheric ozone layer during the end-Permian eruption of the Siberian Traps
resolves10.1126/sciadv.1700618
UV-B–induced forest sterility: Implications of ozone shield failure in Earth’s largest extinction
resolves10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00093-4
How to kill (almost) all life: the end-Permian extinction event
resolves10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.05.014
Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction
resolves10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.10.002
Late Permian (Lopingian) terrestrial ecosystems: A global comparison with new data from the low-latitude Bletterbach Biota
resolves10.1098/rspb.2017.2331
Tetrapod distribution and temperature rise during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction
resolves10.1130/GSATG8A.1
Understanding mechanisms for the end-Permian mass extinction and the protracted Early Triassic aftermath and recovery
resolves10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.06.015
The end‐Permian mass extinction: A rapid volcanic CO2 and CH4‐climatic catastrophe
resolves10.1126/science.1174638
Good Genes and Good Luck: Ammonoid Diversity and the End-Permian Mass Extinction
resolves10.1098/rspb.2010.1746
Footprints pull origin and diversification of dinosaur stem lineage deep into Early Triassic
resolves10.1126/sciadv.1500470
High-precision geochronology confirms voluminous magmatism before, during, and after Earth’s most severe extinction
resolves10.1080/08912963.2015.1103237
A palaeobotanical perspective on the great end-Permian biotic crisis
resolves10.1038/ngeo1475
The timing and pattern of biotic recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction
resolves10.1130/B31969.1
Rapid biotic rebound during the late Griesbachian indicates heterogeneous recovery patterns after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction
resolves10.1029/95PA02087
Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene
resolves10.1098/rspb.2018.0361
The rise of the ruling reptiles and ecosystem recovery from the Permo-Triassic mass extinction
resolves10.1038/s41467-018-07934-z
Age and pattern of the southern high-latitude continental end-Permian extinction constrained by multiproxy analysis
resolves10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01165.x
Five hundred million years of extinction and recovery: a phanerozoic survey of large‐scale diversity patterns in fishes
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.027
Comment on: “Anatomy of a mass extinction: Sedimentological and taphonomic evidence for drought-induced die-offs at the Permo–Triassic boundary in the main Karoo Basin, South Africa” by R.M.H. Smith and J. Botha-Brink, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 396:99-118
resolves10.2110/palo.2004.P04-62
Taphonomic Trends of Macrofloral Assemblages Across the Permian–Triassic Boundary, Karoo Basin, South Africa
resolves10.1130/G37040.1
Is the vertebrate-defined Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, the terrestrial expression of the end-Permian marine event?
resolves10.1130/B31881.1
A lithostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic framework in a geochronologic context for a purported Permian–Triassic boundary section at Old (West) Lootsberg Pass, Karoo Basin, South Africa
resolves10.2110/palo.2019.019
TESTING THE
<i>DAPTOCEPHALUS</i>
AND
<i>LYSTROSAURUS</i>
ASSEMBLAGE ZONES IN A LITHOSTRATOGRAPHIC, MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC, AND PALYNOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICA
resolves10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.08.002
A multidisciplinary approach to review the vertical and lateral facies relationships of the purported vertebrate-defined terrestrial Permian–Triassic boundary interval at Bethulie, Karoo Basin, South Africa
resolves10.1038/s41467-020-15243-7
The base of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, predates the end-Permian marine extinction
resolves10.1126/science.1232924
Comment on "Lethally Hot Temperatures During the Early Triassic Greenhouse"
resolves10.1016/j.crpv.2005.07.002
Recovery of the Triassic land flora from the end-Permian life crisis
resolves10.1016/j.gr.2018.05.007
The formation of microbial-metazoan bioherms and biostromes following the latest Permian mass extinction
resolves10.1130/B26551.1
Multiple climatic changes around the Permian-Triassic boundary event revealed by an expanded palynological record from mid-Norway
resolves10.1038/srep28372
Severest crisis overlooked—Worst disruption of terrestrial environments postdates the Permian–Triassic mass extinction
resolves10.1126/science.276.5310.235
Permo-Triassic Boundary Superanoxia and Stratified Superocean: Records from Lost Deep Sea
resolves10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00302.x
Microbialites and global environmental change across the Permian–Triassic boundary: a synthesis
resolves10.1093/ae/51.1.14
The Fossil Record of Insect Extinction: New Approaches and Future Directions
resolves10.1016/j.revmic.2018.10.002
A review of the Late Permian – Early Triassic conodont record and its significance for the end-Permian mass extinction
resolves10.1073/pnas.1515080113
Marine anoxia and delayed Earth system recovery after the end-Permian extinction
resolves10.2110/jsr.2017.35
SILTSTONES ACROSS THE
<i>DAPTOCEPHALUS</i>
(
<i>DICYNODON</i>
) AND
<i>LYSTROSAURUS</i>
ASSEMBLAGE ZONES, KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA, SHOW NO EVIDENCE FOR ARIDIFICATION
resolves10.1073/pnas.96.24.13857
The delayed resurgence of equatorial forests after the Permian–Triassic ecologic crisis
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.08.014
The survival, recovery, and diversification of metazoan reef ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction event
resolves10.1038/s41467-018-07945-w
No mass extinction for land plants at the Permian–Triassic transition
resolves10.1093/icb/icy084
Measuring and Comparing Extinction Events: Reconsidering Diversity Crises and Concepts
resolves10.1126/science.1097023
Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction
resolves10.1126/science.206.4415.217
Size of the Permo-Triassic Bottleneck and Its Evolutionary Implications
resolves10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2
Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinction and Middle Triassic recovery of peat-forming plants
resolves10.1130/B25215.1
Vertebrate extinction across Permian–Triassic boundary in Karoo Basin, South Africa
resolves10.1126/science.aab1371
Community stability and selective extinction during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction
resolves10.1098/rspb.2007.0515
Trophic network models explain instability of Early Triassic terrestrial communities
resolves10.1007/s11434-008-0543-7
The Siberian Traps and the End-Permian mass extinction: a critical review
resolves10.1017/pab.2015.36
Comparative size evolution of marine clades from the Late Permian through Middle Triassic
resolves10.1016/j.gr.2013.11.007
Vegetation history across the Permian–Triassic boundary in Pakistan (Amb section, Salt Range)
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.025
Volatile earliest Triassic sulfur cycle: A consequence of persistent low seawater sulfate concentrations and a high sulfur cycle turnover rate?
resolves10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0883:ETSAPM>2.3.CO;2
Early Triassic stromatolites as post-mass extinction disaster forms
resolves10.1017/S0094837300003778
A factor analytic description of the Phanerozoic marine fossil record
resolves10.1130/B31818.1
Global perturbation of the marine calcium cycle during the Permian-Triassic transition
resolves10.1038/s41586-018-0093-3
The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002
Anatomy of a mass extinction: Sedimentological and taphonomic evidence for drought-induced die-offs at the Permo-Triassic boundary in the main Karoo Basin, South Africa
resolves10.1130/G32191.1
Recovery tempo and pattern of marine ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction
resolves10.1073/pnas.0907992106
Evidence from ammonoids and conodonts for multiple Early Triassic mass extinctions
resolves10.1073/pnas.1613094113
Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.037
Palaeosol stratigraphy across the Permian–Triassic boundary, Bogda Mountains, NW China: Implications for palaeoenvironmental transition through earth's largest mass extinction
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.019
The palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental analysis of mass extinction events
resolves10.1016/0031-0182(96)00008-9
Trace fossils and the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction: evidence from northern Italy
resolves10.1080/10292389309380442
Biotic crises in the history of Upper Silurian graptoloids: A Palaeobiological model
resolves10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.10.011
The Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone (Lopingian), South Africa: A proposed biostratigraphy based on a new compilation of stratigraphic ranges
resolves10.1126/science.1107068
Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land Vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa
resolves10.1016/0031-0182(92)90182-5
Anoxia as a cause of the Permian/Triassic mass extinction: facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States
resolves10.1130/G32453.1
Simulating Permian–Triassic oceanic anoxia distribution: Implications for species extinction and recovery
resolves10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary
resolves10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.06.005
The protracted Permo-Triassic crisis and multi-episode extinction around the Permian–Triassic boundary
resolves10.1007/s00531-006-0135-1
The prelude of the end-Permian mass extinction predates a postulated bolide impact
The 11 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBenton MJ (2005) When life nearly ended. The greatest mass extinction of all time. Thames & Hudson, London. 336pp
no DOI — not checkedBenton MJ, Harper DAT (2009) Introduction to paleobiology and the fossil record. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. 592pp
no DOI — not checkedBond DPG, Wignall PB (2014) Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions: an update. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 505:29–55
no DOI — not checkedClapham ME, Payne JL (2011) Acidification, anoxia, and extinction: a multiple logistic regression analysis of extinction selectivity during the middle and late Permian. Geology 39(11):1059–1062
no DOI — not checkedErwin DH (1993) The great Paleozoic crisis, life and death in the Permian. 327pp. Colombia University Press, New York
no DOI — not checkedErwin DH (2006) Extinction: how life nearly died 250 million years ago. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 296pp
no DOI — not checkedNewell ND (1973) The very last moment of the Paleozoic era. In: Logan A, Hill LV (eds) Permian and Triassic systems and their mutual boundary, vol 2. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoirs, Calgary, pp 1–10
no DOI — not checkedPayne JL, Kump LR (2007) Evidence for recurrent Early Triassic massive volcanism from quantitative interpretation of carbon isotope fluctuations. Earth Planet Sci Lett 256(1–2):264–277
no DOI — not checkedPosenato R (2019) The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) and the Early Triassic biotic recovery in the western Dolomites (Italy): state of the art. Boll Soc Paleontol Ital 58:11–34
no DOI — not checkedShcherbakov DE (2008) Insect recovery after the Permian/Triassic crisis. Alavesia 2:125–131
no DOI — not checkedWignall PB, Twitchett RJ (2002) Extent, duration, and nature of the Permian–Triassic superanoxic event. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 356:395–413
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