Reference health
Crowdfunding in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
24/24 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
21 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 24 checked references that resolve
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Crowdfunding and Diaspora Philanthropy: An Integration of the Literature and Major Concepts
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Resistance to crowdfunding among entrepreneurs: An impression management perspective
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The role of online and offline features in sustaining virtual communities: an empirical study
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Equity Crowdfunding in Africa: How Can Investment Micro-Behaviors Make the Crowdfunding Macro-System Work?
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Trusting Neighbours or Strangers in a Racially Divided Society: Insights from Survey Data in South Africa
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The 21 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAfrican Crowdfunding Association. (2019). African Crowdfunding Association: Moving Africa Forward [Online]. Cape Town, RSA: African Crowdfunding Association. Retrieved June 10, 2019, from https://africancrowd.org/.
no DOI — not checkedBelleflamme, P., & Lambert, T. (2016). An Industrial Organization Framework to Understand the Strategies of Crowdfunding Platforms. In J. Méric, I. Maque, & J. Brabet (Eds.), International Perspectives on Crowdfunding: Positive, Normative, and Critical Theory. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
no DOI — not checkedBerndt, A. (2016). Crowdfunding in the African Context: A New Way to Fund Ventures. In L. Achtenhagen & E. Brundin (Eds.), Entrepreneurship and SME Management Across Africa: Context, Challenges, Cases. Singapore: Springer Singapore.
no DOI — not checkedBerndt, A., & Mbassana, M. (2016). Crowdfunding: The Beliefs of Rwandan Entrepreneurs. East Africa Research Papers in Business, Entrepreneurship and Management. Jönköping, Sweden: Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School.
no DOI — not checkedBoum, E. (2016). Crowdfunding in Africa: Fundraising Goes Digital in Africa – The Emergence of Africa-Based Crowdfunding Platforms. Retrieved April 27, 2019, from http://afrikstart.com/report/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Afrikstart-Crowdfunding-In-Africa-Report.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedChironga, M., De Grandis, H., & Zouaoui, Y. (2017). Mobile Financial Services in Africa: Winning the Battle for the Customer. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/mobile-financial-services-in-africa-winning-the-battle-for-the-customer.
no DOI — not checkedCoetzee, J. (2013). Africa’s Crowdfunding Context: Starting up Startups the African Way. Retrieved April 23, 2019, from https://ventureburn.com/2013/07/africas-crowdfunding-context-starting-up-startups-the-african-way/.
no DOI — not checkedColeman, S. (2000). Access to Capital and Terms of Credit: A Comparison of Men- and Women-Owned Small Businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(3), 37–52.
no DOI — not checkedGhane, S., Fathian, M., & Gholamian, M. R. (2011). Full Relationship Among e-Satisfaction, e-Trust, e-Service Quality, and e-Loyalty: The Case of Iran e-Banking. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 33(1), 1–6.
no DOI — not checkedKolumbia, L. (2017). Sh14m Raised Through Online Campaign for Lissu’s Treatment in the Past Five Days. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/1840340-4110142-4f4pplz/index.html.
no DOI — not checkedKPMG. (2015). Sector Report: Banking in Africa 2015. Johannesburg, SA: KPMG.
no DOI — not checkedMiniwatts Marketing Group. (2019). Internet World Stats [Online]. Miniwatts Marketing Group. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm.
no DOI — not checkedMulligan, G. (2015). Africa Discovers the Power of Crowdfunding. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33100535.
no DOI — not checkedMunyanyi, W., & Mapfumo, A. (2018). Factors Influencing Crowdfunding Plausibility in Post Hyperinflationary Zimbabwe. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 5(10), 99–111.
no DOI — not checkedRaymond, S. (2015). Six Things You Need to Know About Crowdfunding in Developing Countries. World Bank Blogs [Online]. Retrieved December 16, 2019, from http://blogs.worldbank.org/psd/six-things-you-need-know-about-crowdfunding-developing-countries.
no DOI — not checkedRowan, P., Garvey, K., Zhang, B., et al. (2018). FinTech in Uganda: Implications for Regulation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Center for Alternative Finance.
no DOI — not checkedSpanos, L. (2018). Complementarity and Interconnection Between CSR and Crowdfunding: A Case Study in Greece. In G. Grigore, A. Stancu, & D. McQueen (Eds.), Corporate Responsibility and Digital Communities: An International Perspective Towards Sustainability. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
no DOI — not checkedThe World Bank Group. (2015). Crowdfunding in Emerging Markets: Lessons from East African Startups. Washington, DC: The World Bank Group.
no DOI — not checkedWolf, C. (2017). From Harambee to Modern Crowdfunding: The Opportunities and Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. In D. T. Redford (Ed.), Developing Africa’s Financial Services: The Importance of High-Impact Entrepreneurship. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Ltd..
no DOI — not checkedZiegler, T., Suresh, K., Garvey, K., et al. (2018). The 2nd Annual Middle East & Africa Alternative Finance Industry Report. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Center for Alternative Finance.
no DOI — not checkedZiegler, T., Shneor, R., Wenzlaff, K., et al. (2019). Shifting Paradigms – The 4th European Alternative Finance Benchmarking Report. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance.
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