Reference health
Why Trust Seals Don’t Work: A Study of User Perceptions and Behavior
23/23 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-10
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
28 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 23 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.dss.2007.07.001
A trust-based consumer decision-making model in electronic commerce: The role of trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents
resolves10.1016/S0167-9236(02)00074-X
Building trust in online auction markets through an economic incentive mechanism
resolves10.1111/j.1745-6606.2005.00018.x
Your Privacy Is Sealed: Effects of Web Privacy Seals on Trust and Personal Disclosures
resolves10.2139/ssrn.393041
Cooperation Without Enforcement? A Comparative Analysis of Litigation and Online Reputation as Quality Assurance Mechanisms
resolves10.4018/jeco.2003010102
Technology Trust in Internet-Based Interorganizational Electronic Commerce
resolves10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00042-9
The researcher's dilemma: evaluating trust in computer-mediated communication
resolves10.1109/MSP.2011.179
Security Education against Phishing: A Modest Proposal for a Major Rethink
resolves10.1017/S1930297500000218
Trust in motives, trust in competence: Separate factors determining the effectiveness of risk communication
The 28 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThe UK Cards Association, http://www.financialfraudaction.org.uk/cms/assets/1/be%20card%20smart%20release%20final%20-%2024%20nov%2011%20(nfa).pdf
no DOI — not checkedFinancial Fraud Action UK, http://www.financialfraudaction.org.uk/cms/assets/1/fraud%20figures%20release%2010%20mar%2010.pdf
no DOI — not checkedDirectGov, UK, http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/Consumerrights/Howtocomplainaboutgoodsandservices/DG_196229
no DOI — not checkedPublicservice.co.uk, http://www.publicservice.co.uk/news_story.asp?id=18293
no DOI — not checkedMail Online, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2073344/Will-fall-Santa-frauds-Britain-flooded-designer-Christmas-gifts-actually-dangerous-fakes.html?ito=feeds-newsxml
no DOI — not checkedRetail Digital, http://www.retail-digital.com/consumer_trends/top-retail-scams
no DOI — not checkedBBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8392600.stm
no DOI — not checkedUK Cards Association, http://www.theukcardsassociation.org.uk/media_centre/press_releases_new/-/page/1323/
no DOI — not checkedhttp://www.internetretailer.com/2011/01/18/fraud-losses-fall
no DOI — not checkedHu, X.R., Lin, Z.X., Zhang, H.: Myth or reality: effect of trust promoting seals in electronic markets. In: Proceeding of the Eleventh Annual Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems (WITS), New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 65–70 (2001)
no DOI — not checkedKimery, K.M., McCard, M.: Third-party assurances: mapping the road to trust in e-retailing. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application 4(2), 63–82 (2002)
no DOI — not checkedNielsen, J., Molich, R., Snyder, S., Farrell, C.: E-Commerce User Experience:Trust. Nielsen Norman Group, Fremont (2000)
no DOI — not checkedBolton, G.E., Katok, E., Ockenfels, A.: How Effective Are Electronic Reputation Mechanisms? An Experimental Investigation. Manage. Sci. 50(11), 1587–1602 (2004)
no DOI — not checkedHandy, C.: Trust and the Virtual Organization. Harvard Business Review 73(3), 40–50 (1995)
no DOI — not checkedBacharach, M., Gambetta, D.: Trust as Type Detection. In: Castelfranchi, C., Tan, Y. (eds.) Trust and Deception in Virtual Societies, pp. 1–26. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2001)
no DOI — not checkedEgger, F.N.: Affective Design of E-Commerce User Interfaces: How to maximise perceived trustworthiness. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Affective Human Factors Design, pp. 317–324 (2001)
no DOI — not checkedGoogle Good to Know, http://www.google.co.uk/goodtoknow/online-safety/shopping/
no DOI — not checkedStay Safe, http://www.staysafeonline.org/
no DOI — not checkedDirectGov UK, http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Nl1/Newsroom/DG_180506
no DOI — not checkedDirectGov UK, http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/Consumerrights/Protectyourselffromscams/DG_195960
no DOI — not checkedAction Fraud, UK, http://www.actionfraud.org.uk/festival-lovers-must-beware-of-ticketing-fraud-mar11
no DOI — not checkedStrauss, A., Corbin, J.: Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. SAGE publications, London (1998)
no DOI — not checkedVerisign: Report Seal Misuse, https://www.verisign.com/support/contact/seal-abuse/index.html
no DOI — not checkedTRUSTe, http://www.truste.com/consumer-privacy/comparing-web-privacy-seals
no DOI — not checkedWhitten, A., Tygar, J.D.: Why Johnny can’t encrypt: a usability evaluation of PGP 5.0. In: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on USENIX Security Symposium (SSYM 1999), vol. 8, p. 14. USENIX Association, Berkeley (1999)
no DOI — not checkedGHD Repair, http://www.ghd-repair.co.uk/fake_ghds.html
no DOI — not checkedEbay, http://pages.ebay.com/help/account/securing-account.html
no DOI — not checkedSOLID Authentication, https://www.solidauthentication.com
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