Reference health
Does unemployment lead to self-employment?
18/18 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-09
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
25 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 18 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1068/a210249
Unemployment and Business Formation Rates: Reconciling Time-Series and Cross-Section Evidence
resolves10.1068/a210311
Entrepreneurial Behaviour within Male Work Histories: A Sector-Specific Analysis
resolves10.1080/00343408712331344588
An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Behaviour from Male Work Histories
resolves10.1086/229110
The Fall and Rise of the Petty Bourgeoisie: Changing Patterns of Self-Employment in the Postwar United States
The 25 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBaylissF. J., 1990, Self-Employment in Industrialised Market Economy Countries, ILO World Employment Programme Research Working Paper No. 38, Geneva: International Labour Office.
no DOI — not checkedBeckerE. H., 1984, ?Self-Employed Workers: An Update to 1983?, Monthly Labor Review 107 (7), 14?18.
no DOI — not checkedBlanchflowerD. and A.Oswald, 1990, ?Self-Employment and Mrs Thatcher's Enterprise Culture?, in British Social Attitudes: the 1990 Report, Aldershot: Gower.
no DOI — not checkedBögenholdD. and M.Staber, 1990, ?Selbständigkeit als ein Reflex aus Arbeitslosigkeit??, Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 42 (2), 265?279.
no DOI — not checkedBreggerJ. E., 1963, ?Self-Employment in the United States, 1948?62?, Monthly Labor Review 90(1), 37?43.
no DOI — not checkedBüchtemannC. F. and M.Gout, 1988, Développement et structure du travail ?indépendant? en R.F.A., report prepared for the Commission of the European Communities and the Commissariat Général du Plan, Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (mimeo).
no DOI — not checkedBurrowsR., 1990, ?A Socio-Economic Anatomy of the British Petty Bourgeoisie: A Multivariate Analysis?, in R.Burrows (ed.), Enterprise Culture, Entrepreneurship, Petty Capitalism and the Restructuring of Britain, London: Routledge.
no DOI — not checkedCreighS. et al., 1986, ?Self-Employment in Britain: Results from the Labour Force Surveys 1981?84?, Employment Gazette 95 (6), 183?194.
no DOI — not checkedDalyM., 1991, ?The 1980s ? A Decade of Growth in Enterprise: Self-Employment Data from the Labour Force Survey?, Employment Gazette 99(3), 109?134.
no DOI — not checkedDoranA., 1984, Craft Enterprises in Britain and Germany: A Sectoral Study, London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society.
no DOI — not checkedEmployment Department (UK), 1990, ?Measures of Unemployment: The Claimant Count and the Labour Force Survey?, Employment Gazette 98 (10), 506?513.
no DOI — not checkedEvansD. S. and L. S.Leighton, 1989a, ?Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepreneurship?, American Economic Reviw 79 (3), 519?535.
no DOI — not checkedHakimC., 1989, ?New Recruits to Self-Employment in 1980s?, Employment Gazette 97(6), 286?297.
no DOI — not checkedJackmanR. et al., 1990, ?Labour Market Policies and Unemployment in the OECD?, Economic Policy 11, 450?490.
no DOI — not checkedJohnsonP. and J.Rodger, 1983, ?From Redundancy to Self-Employment?, Employment Gazette 91 (6), 260?264.
no DOI — not checkedJohnson, S. et al., 1988, Modelling Aggregate Self-Employment: A Preliminary Analysis, University of Warwick, Institute for Employment Research.
no DOI — not checkedMeagerN., 1991a, Self-Employment in the United Kingdom, IMS Report No. 205, Brighton: Institute of Manpower Studies.
no DOI — not checkedMeagerN., 1991b, ?The Characteristics of the Self-Employed: Some Anglo-German Comparisons?, in A.Felstead, and P.Leighton (eds.), Making Work: Self-Employment and Small Businesses in Europe Today, London: Kogan Page.
no DOI — not checkedMeagerN., 1991c, Self-Employment Programmes for the Unemployed in EC Countries: A Note, Berlin: WZB, March (mimeo).
no DOI — not checkedOECD, 1986, ?Self-Employment in OECD Countries?, in OECD Employment Outlook, Paris: OECD.
no DOI — not checkedOwensA., 1989, Enterprise Allowance Scheme Evaluation: Net Costs to the Exchequer, Estimates for 1987/88, Research and Evaluation Branch, Report No. 22, Sheffield: The Employment Service.
no DOI — not checkedParisottoA., 1991, ?The Distinctive Pattern of Non-Agricultural Self-Employment in Italy?, World Employment Programme Research, Working Paper No. 48, Geneva: International Labour Office.
no DOI — not checkedPissaridesC. A., 1990, Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
no DOI — not checkedRayr. N., 1975, ?A Report on Self-Employed Americans in 1973?, Monthly Labor Review 102(1), 49?54.
no DOI — not checkedReyherL. and H.-U.Bach, 1988, ?Arbeitskräfte-Gesamtrechnung: Bestände und Bewegung am Arbeitsmarkt?, Beiträge zur Arbeitsmarkt-und Berufsforschung 70, 123?143.
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