Reference health
Symbolic racism in candidate evaluation: An experiment
14/14 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-09
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 14 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1196
Whites' opposition to busing: Symbolic racism or realistic group conflict?
resolves10.1111/j.1540-4560.1986.tb00230.x
The Continuing American Dilemma: White Resistance to Racial Change 40 Years After Myrdal
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.40.3.414
Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life.
resolves10.2307/2130514
Self-Interest versus Racial Attitudes as Correlates of Anti-Busing Attitudes in Louisville: Is it The Buses or the Blacks?
resolves10.1017/S0007123400005597
On Culture and Politics in America: A Perspective from Structural Anthropology
resolves10.2307/3791285
If U.S. Senator Baker Were A Woman: An Experimental Study of Candidate Images
resolves10.1111/j.1540-4560.1986.tb00229.x
Symbolic Racism: Problems of Motive Attribution in Political Analysis
The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBobo, Larry (1988). Group conflict, prejudice, and the paradox of contemporary racial attitudes. In Phyllis A. Katz and Dalmas Taylor (eds.),Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy. New York: Plenum.
no DOI — not checkedGaertner, Samuel L. and Dovidio, John F. (1986). Prejudice, discrimination and racism: Historical trends and contemporary approaches. In Samuel L. Gaertner and John Dovidio (eds.),Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism, pp. 1?30. Orlando: Academic Press.
no DOI — not checkedGaertner, Samuel L., and Dovidio, John F. (1981). Racism among the well-intentioned. In Edwin J. Clausen and Jack Berningham (eds.),Pluralism, Racism, and Public Policy, pp. 208?222. Boston: G. K. Hall.
no DOI — not checkedHochschild, Jennifer (1984).The New American Dilemma. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
no DOI — not checkedIyengar, Shanto, and Kinder, Donald (1987).News That Matters: Television and American Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
no DOI — not checkedJessor, T., and Sears, David O. (1986). Realistic and Symbolic Explanations for Racial Conflict. Paper given at Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Association, Chicago, IL, cited in Sears, 1988.
no DOI — not checkedMcConahay, John B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the modern racism scale. In John Dovidio and Samuel L. Gaertner (eds.),Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, pp. 91?127. Orlando: Academic Press.
no DOI — not checkedMyrdal, Gunner (1944).An American Dilemma. New York: Harper and Row.
no DOI — not checkedPettigrew, Thomas F. (1972). When a black candidate runs for mayor: Race and voting behavior. In Harlan Hahn (ed.),People and Politics in Urban Society, pp. 95?118. Beverly Hills-London: Sage Publications.
no DOI — not checkedPettigrew, Thomas F. (1971).Racially Separate or Together? New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
no DOI — not checkedSchuman, Howard, Steeh, Charlotte, and Bobo, Lawrence (1985).Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
no DOI — not checkedSears, David O., Citrin, J., and Kosterman, R. (1985). The White Response to Jesse Jackson in 1984. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, New Orleans, September 1985.
no DOI — not checkedSears, David O., and Kinder, D. R. (1971). Racial tensions and voting in Los Angeles. In W. Z. Hirsch (ed.),Los Angeles: Viability and Prospects for Metropolitan Leadership, pp. 51?89. New York: Praeger.
no DOI — not checkedSniderman, Paul, and Hagen, Michael Gray (1985).Race and Inequality: A Study in American Values. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers.
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