Reference health
Is the banking and payments system fragile?
25/25 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-27
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
39 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 25 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1745-6622.1992.tb00483.x
THE FUTURE OF ASSET SECURITIZATION: THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BREAKING UP THE BANK
resolves10.1007/BF01057737
International harmonization of banking regulations and cooperation among national regulators: An assessment
resolves10.1007/978-94-011-1404-2_7
Improving the FDIC Improvement Act: What was Done and What Still Needs to be done to Fix the Deposit Insurance Problem
resolves10.1007/978-1-349-06788-6_7
Financial Crises, Banking Crises, Stock Market Crashes and the Money Supply: Some International Evidence, 1870–1933
resolves10.3386/w4934
Contagion and Bank Failures During the Great Depression: The June 1932 Chicago Banking Panic
resolves10.1017/S0022050700033957
Clearinghouses and the Origin of Central Banking in the United States
resolves10.1007/978-94-009-2197-9_7
The Collapse of the Texas Thrift Industry: Causes of the Problem and Implications for Reform
resolves10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb01268.x
BANK PANICS, SUSPENSIONS, AND GEOGRAPHY: SOME NOTES ON THE “CONTAGION OF FEAR” IN BANKING
The 39 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBagehot, Walter.Lombard Street. New York: Scribner, Armstrong. 1873. (Reprinted with introduction by Frank Genovese. Homewood, IL: Irwin. 1962.)
no DOI — not checkedBenston, Georgen J., Robert A. Eisenbeis, Paul M. Horvitz, Edward J. Kane, and George G. Kaufman.Perspectives on Safe and Sound Banking: Past Present and Future, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1986.
no DOI — not checkedBenston, George J., and George G. Kaufman.Risk and Solvency Regulation of Depository Institutions: Past Policies and Current Options. Monograph 1988?1. Monograph Series in Finance and Economics. New York: Salomon Center, New York University Graduate School of Business Administration. 1988. (A shortened version appears as ?Regulating Bank Safety and Performance.? In: William S. Haraf and Rose Marie Kushmeider, eds.,Restructuring the Financial System. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute. 1988, pp. 63?99.)
no DOI — not checkedBernanke, Ben S. ?Nonmonetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in the Propagation of the Great Depression.?American Economic Review 73 (June 1983), 257?276.
no DOI — not checkedBordo, Michael D. ?The Lender of Last Resort: Some Insights from History.? In: George G. Kaufman, ed.,Research in Financial Services, Vol. 4. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. 1992, pp. 1?20.
no DOI — not checkedCagan, Philip,Determinants and Effects of Changes in the Stock of Money. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1965.
no DOI — not checkedCalomiris, Charles W., and Gary Gorton. ?The Origins of Banking Panics: Models, Facts, and Bank Regulation.? In: R. Glenn Hubbard, ed.,Financial Markets and Financial Crises, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1991, pp. 109?173.
no DOI — not checkedCalomiris, Charles W., and Charles M. Kahn. ?The Role of Demandable Debt in Structuring Optimal Banking Arrangements.?American Economic Review 81 (June 1991), 497?513.
no DOI — not checkedCorrigan, Gerald. ?Challenges Facing the International Community of Bank Supervisors.?Quarterly Review (Federal Reserve Bank of New York) (Autumn, 1992), 1?9.
no DOI — not checkedDwyer, Gerald P., Jr., and Alton Gilbert. ?Bank Runs and Private Remedies.?Review (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) 71 (May/June 1989), 43?61.
no DOI — not checkedEichengreen, Barry, and Richard Portes. ?The Anatomy of Financial Crises.? In: Richard Portes and Alexander K. Swoboda, eds.,Threats to International Financial Stability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1987, pp. 10?58.
no DOI — not checkedEisenbeis, Robert A. ?Private Sector Solutions to Payments System Fragility.?Journal of Financial Services Research (forthcoming).
no DOI — not checkedFeldstein, Martin. ?The Risk of Economic Crisis: Introduction.? In: Martin Feldstein, ed.,The Risk of Economic Crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1991, pp. 1?18.
no DOI — not checkedFisher, Irving M.Booms and Depressions. New York: Adelphi. 1932.
no DOI — not checkedFlannery, Mark J. ?Payments System Risk and Public Policy.? In: Rose Marie Kushmeider and WIlliam S. Haraf, eds.,Restructuring Banking and Financial Services in America. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute. 1988, pp. 261?287.
no DOI — not checkedFlannery, Mark J. ?Debt Maturity and the Deadweight Cost of Leverage: Optimally Financing Banking Firms.?American Economic Review 84 (March 1994), 320?331.
no DOI — not checkedFriedman, Milton, and Anna J. Schwartz.A Monetary History of the United States. Princeton, NJ: National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University Press. 1963.
no DOI — not checkedGAO (U.S. General Accounting Office).Financial Derivatives: Actions Needed to Protect the Financial System. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office. May 1994.
no DOI — not checkedGilbert, Alton R. ?Payments System Risk: What Is It and What Will Happen If We Try To Reduce It??Review (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) 71 (January/February 1989), 3?17.
no DOI — not checkedGoodfriend, Marvin, and Robert G. King. ?Financial Deregulation, Monetary Policy, and Central Banking.? In: William S. Haraf, and Rose Marie Kushmeider, eds.,Restructuring the Financial System. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute. 1988, pp. 216?253.
no DOI — not checkedGorton, Gary, and Donald Mullineaux. ?The Joint Production of Confidence: Endogenous Regulation and the 19th Century Commercial Bank Clearinghouses.?Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 19 (4) (1987), 45?468.
no DOI — not checkedGuttentag, Jack, and Richard Herring. ?Emergency Liquidity Assistance for International Banks.? In: Richard Portes and Alexander K. Swoboda, eds.,Threats to International Financial Stability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1987, pp. 150?186.
no DOI — not checkedHuffman, Wallace E., and James R. Lothian. ?US-UK Business Cycle Linkages Under the Gold Standard.? In Michael D. Bordo and Anna J. Schwartz, eds.,A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821?1931. University of Chicago Press: Chicago. 1984, pp. 455?511.
no DOI — not checkedKaufman, George G. ?Bank Runs: Causes, Benefits and Costs.?CATO Journal (Winter 1988), 539?587.
no DOI — not checkedKindleberger, Charles P. ?Bank Failures: The 1930s and the 1980s.? In:The Search for Financial Stability: The Past Fifty Years: San Francisco: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. 1985, pp. 7?34.
no DOI — not checkedMeltzer, Allan H. ?Financial Failures and Financial Policies.? In: George G. Kaufman and Roger C. Kormendi, eds.,Deregulating Financial Services: Public Policy in Flux. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. 1986, 79?96.
no DOI — not checkedMinsky, Hyman P. ?Financial Instability Revisited: The Economics of Disaster.?Reappraisal of the Federal Reserve Discount Mechanism 3 (June 1972), 95?136.
no DOI — not checkedMinsky, Hyman P. ?A Theory of Systematic Financial Fragility.? In: Edward J. Altman and Arnold W. Sametz, eds.,Financial Crises: Institutions and Markets in a Fragile Environment. New York: Wiley. 1977, pp. 138?152.
no DOI — not checkedMinsky, Hyman P. ?The Financial Instability Hypothesis: A Clarification.? In: Martin Feldstein, ed.,The Risk of Economic Crisis. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1991, 158?170.
no DOI — not checkedMiron, Jeffrey A. ?Financial Panics, the Seasonality of the Nominal Interest Rate, and the Founding of the Fed.?American Economic Review 76 (March 1986), 125?140.
no DOI — not checkedMishkin, Frederic S. ?Asymmetric Information and Financial Crises: A Historical Perspective.? In: R. Glenn Hubbard, ed.,Financial Markets and Financial Crises. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1991, 69?108.
no DOI — not checkedRandall, Richard E. ?Lessons from New England Bank Failures.?New England Economic Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston) (May/June 1993), 13?38.
no DOI — not checkedSchwartz, Anna. ?Financial Stability and the Federal Safety Net.? In: Rose Marie Kushmeider and William S. Haraf, eds.,Restructuring Banking and Financial Services in America. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute. 1988, pp. 34?62.
no DOI — not checkedSchwartz, Anna. ?The Misuse of the Fed's Discount Window.?Review (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) 74 (September/October 1992), 59?69.
no DOI — not checkedSprague, Oliver M. W.History of Crises Under the National Banking System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office: National Monetary Commission. 1910.
no DOI — not checkedStaff Report.An Analysis of Federal Reserve Discount Window Loans to Failed Institutions. Washington, DC: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs. 1991.
no DOI — not checkedTallman, Ellis. ?Some Unanswered Questions about Bank Panics.?Economic Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), 73 (November/December 1988), 2?21.
no DOI — not checkedTallman, Ellis, and Jon Moen. ?Liquidity Shocks and Financial Crises During the National Banking Era.? Unpublished manuscript, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 1994.
no DOI — not checkedTussig, Dale. ?The Case for Bank Failures.?Journal of Law and Economics (October 1967), 140?141.
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