Reference health
Debt as a collusive device in an oligopoly supergame
9/9 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-09
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
8 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 9 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1990.tb03721.x
Dividend Policy and Financial Distress: An Empirical Investigation of Troubled NYSE Firms
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03812.x
Transactions Costs and Capital Structure Choice: Evidence from Financially Distressed Firms
resolves10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00651.x
S<scp>table</scp> R&D C<scp>ooperation with</scp> S<scp>pillovers</scp>
resolves10.1016/0304-405X(94)00785-Y
Increased debt and industry product markets an empirical analysis
resolves10.2307/2555984
Collusive Pricing with Capacity Constraints in the Presence of Demand Uncertainty
The 8 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBrander, J. A., and Lewis, T. R. (1986): “Oligopoly and Financial Structure: the Limited Liability Effect.”American Economic Review 76: 956–970.
no DOI — not checkedChevalier, J. A. (1995): “Capital Structure and Product Market Competition: Empirical Evidence from the Supermarket Industry.”American Economic Review 85: 415–435.
no DOI — not checkedChevalier, J. A., and Scharfstein, D. (1996): “Capital Market Imperfections and Countercyclical Markups: Theory and Evidence.”American Economic Review 86: 703–724.
no DOI — not checkedFriedman, J. (1977):Oligopoly and the Theory of Games. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
no DOI — not checkedGibbons, R. (1992):A Primer in Game Theory. Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
no DOI — not checkedKovenock, D., and Phillips, G. (1995): “Capital Structure and Product Market Rivalry: How Do We Reconcile Theory and Evidence.”American Economic Review 85: 403–408.
no DOI — not checkedShapiro, K. (1990): “Theories of Oligopoly Behavior.” InHandbook of Industrial Organisation, vol. 1, edited by R. Schmalensee and R. Willig. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
no DOI — not checkedTirole, J. (1990):The Theory of Industrial Organisation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-09 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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