Reference health
Hirschman's loyalty construct
16/16 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
10 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 16 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1017/S0007123400008048
Economic Models in Political Science: the Case of ‘Exit Voice, and Loyalty’
resolves10.2307/255909
Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect as Responses to Job Dissatisfaction: A Multidimensional Scaling Study.
resolves10.1177/053901847401300101
"Exit, voice, and loyalty": Further reflections and a survey of recent contributions
resolves10.1177/017084068000100104
Exit, Voice, and Silence: Consumers' and Managers' Responses to Organizational Decline
resolves10.1017/S0007123400000855
‘Exit, Voice, and Loyalty’ Revisited: The Strategic Production and Consumption of Public and Private Goods
resolves10.1002/job.4030090302
Exit and voice: A test of hypotheses based on fight/flight responses to job stress
resolves10.2307/256461
IMPACT OF EXCHANGE VARIABLES ON EXIT, VOICE, LOYALTY, AND NEGLECT: AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF RESPONSES TO DECLINING JOB STATUS SATISFACTION.
The 10 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBoroff, K. E. (1989). Loyalty?A correlate of exit, voice, or silence? In J. F. Burton (Ed.),Industrial Relations Research Association Series: Proceedings of the Forty-Second Annual Meeting, 307?314. Industrial Relations Research Association. Madison, WI.
no DOI — not checkedFisher, C. D., & Locke, E. A. (1992). The new look in job satisfaction research and theory. In C. J. Cranny, P. C. Smith, and E. F. Stone (Eds.),Job Satisfaction, 165?194. New York: Lexington (Macmillan).
no DOI — not checkedGraham, J. W. (1986). Principled organizational dissent: A theoretical essay. In B. M. Staw and L. L. Cummings (Eds.),Research in Organizational Behavior, 8, 1?52.
no DOI — not checkedHirschman, A. O. (1990). Personal communication at a paper session entitled ?Theoretical Foundations: Exit/Voice? (for which Hirschman was the discussant), presented at the Second Annual International Conference on Socio-Economics, Washington, DC, March 1990.
no DOI — not checkedHirschman, A. O. (1970).Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
no DOI — not checkedHirschman, A. O. (1976). Exit and voice: Some further distinctions.American Economic Review, 66 (May), 386?389. [Also published as Chap. 10 in Hirschman, A. O. (1981).Essays in trespassing: Economics to politics and beyond, 236?245. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.]
no DOI — not checkedHirschman, A. O. (1986). Exit and voice: An expanding sphere of influence. In Hirschman, A. O. (1986).Rival Views of Market Society and Other Recent Essays. 77?101. New York: Viking.
no DOI — not checkedLeck, J. (1989). A. O. Hirschman'sExit, Voice, and Loyalty: A review of the model and the factors that influence an individual's choice of response. Working paper, Faculty of Management, McGill University.
no DOI — not checkedScott, R. J. (1986). Dismantling repressive systems: The abolition of slavery in Cuba as a case study. In A. Foxley, M. S. McPherson, & G. O'Donnell (Eds.),Development, Democracy, and the Art of Trespassing: Essays in Honor of Albert O. Hirschman, 269?281. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
no DOI — not checkedU.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs (1978).The Whistleblowers: A Report on Federal Employees Who Disclose Acts of Governmental Waste, Abuse, and Corruption. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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