Reference health
Cities as systems within systems of cities
16/16 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-29
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
38 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 16 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1467-8306.1958.tb01559.x
ALTERNATE EXPLANATIONS OF URBAN RANK-SIZE RELATIONSHIPS<sup>1</sup>
resolves10.1111/j.1467-9787.1960.tb00839.x
THE MEASUREMENT OF INTRA‐CITY LOCATIONAL AND RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS
resolves10.1111/j.1467-8306.1963.tb00428.x
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF TOWNS IN SWEDEN: AN HISTORICAL-PREDICTIVE APPROACH<sup>1</sup>
resolves10.1287/opre.9.6.860
The Distribution of Urban Population and an Application to a Servicing Problem
The 38 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAckoff, R. L.Scientific Method. Optimizing Applied Research Decisions. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961.
no DOI — not checkedBeer, S., “Below the Twilight Arch—A Mythology of Systems,” in D. F. Eckman, ed.,Systems. Research and Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961.
no DOI — not checkedBell, G. “Change in City Size Distribution in Israel,”Ekistics, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedBell, W. “Social Areas: Typology of Urban Neighborhoods,” in M. B. Sussman, ed.,Community Structure and Analysis. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1959.
no DOI — not checkedBerry, B. J. L. and W. L. Garrison. “City Size Distributions and Economic Development,”Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1961.
no DOI — not checked—— and A. Pred.Central Place Studies. A Bibliography of Theory and Applications, Regional Science Research Institute, Philadelphia, 1961.
no DOI — not checkedBerry, B. J. L. and W. L. Garrison. “Comparative Studies of Central Place Systems,” University of Chicago, processed, 1961.
no DOI — not checkedBerry, B. J. L. and W. L. Garrison.Commercial Structure and Commercial Blight, Department of Geography Research Paper No. 85, University of Chicago, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedBerry, B. J. L. and W. L. Garrison and H. G. Barnum. “Aggregate Patterns and Elemental Component of Central Place Systems,”Journal of Regional Science, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedBerry, B. J. L. and W. L. Garrison. “Research Frontiers in Urban Geography” in P. Hauser and L. Schnore, eds.,The Study of Urbanization, Social Science Research Council, 1964.
no DOI — not checkedBertalanffy, L. von. “General System Theory,”General Systems, 1956.
no DOI — not checkedBertalanffy, L. von. “General System Theory: A Critical Review,”General Systems, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedChapin, F. S. and S. F. Weiss.Factors Influencing Land Development, Chapel Hill, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedChristaller W.Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland, Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1933.
no DOI — not checkedClaval, P.Géographie Générale des Marches. Besançon, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedCurry L. “Explorations in Settlement Theory. The Random Spatial Economy. Part I.”Annals, Association of American Geographers, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedDacey, M. F. and T. H. Tung. “The Identification of Point Patterns, I,”Journal of Regional Science, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedDacey, M. F. and T. H. Tung. “Another Explanation for Rank-Size Regularity,” Philadelphia, processed, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedDuncan B. and O. D. Duncan. “Variables in Urban Morphology,” in E. W. Burgess and D. J. Bogue, eds.,Research Contributions to Urban Sociology, University of Chicago Press, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedFriedmann, J. R. P.The Spatial Structure of Economic Development in the Tennessee Valley, Department of Geography Research Paper No. 39, University of Chicago, 1955.
no DOI — not checkedFriedmann, J. R. P. “Economic Growth and Urban Structure in Venezuela,”Cuadernos de la Sociedad Venezolana de Planificacion, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedGarrison, W. L. “Toward a Simulation Model of Urban Growth and Development,”Proceedings of the IGU Symposium in Urban Geography, Lund, 1960. Lund: Gleerup, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedGinsburg, N.An Atlas of Economic Development, University of Chicago Press, 1961.
no DOI — not checkedHauser, P. and L. F. Schnore, eds.,The Sturdy of Urbanization, Social Science Research Council, New York, 1964.
no DOI — not checkedIsard, W.Location and Space Economy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1956.
no DOI — not checkedMaruyama, M. “The Second Cybernetics. Deviation Amplying Mutual Causal Processes,”American Scientist, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedMcIntosh, R. “Ecosystems, Evolution and Relational Patterns of Relational Patterns of Living Organisms,”American Scientist, 1963.
no DOI — not checkedMeier, R. L.A Communications Theory of Urban Growth. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedMorrill, R. L. “Simulation of Central Place Patterns over Time,”Proceedings of the IGU Symposium in Urban Geography, Lund, 1960. Lund: Gleerup, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedMoser, C. A. and W. Scott.British Towns. A Statistical Study of their Social and Economic Differences. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1961.
no DOI — not checkedNagel, E.The Structure of Science. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1961.
no DOI — not checkedNewling, B.The Growth and Spatial Structure of Kingston, Jamaica, Ph. D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedOdum, H. T., J. E. Cantlon, and L. S. Kornicker. “An Organizational Hierarchy Postulate for the Interpretation of Species—Individual Distributions, Species Entropy, Ecosystem Evolution, and the Meaning of a Species-Variety Index,”Ecology, 1960.
no DOI — not checkedPierce, J. R.Symbols, Signals and Noise. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961.
no DOI — not checkedThomas, E. N. “Additional Comments on Population-Size Relationships for Sets of Cities,” in W. L. Garrison, ed.,Quantitative Geography. New York: Atherton Press, in press.
no DOI — not checkedWard, B.Greek Regional Development, Center for Economic Research, Athens, 1962.
no DOI — not checkedWingo, L.Transportation and Urban Land, Resources for the Future, Inc., 1961.
no DOI — not checkedWinsborough, H. H. “City Growth and City Structure,”Journal of Regional Science, 1963.
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