Reference health
Crime and the elderly: a review of British and American research
17/17 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
34 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 17 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1086/643433
Evaluating the Rhetoric of Crisis: A Case Study of Criminal Victimization of the Elderly
resolves10.1093/geront/16.3.211
The Fear of Crime and Its Consequences Among Elderly in Three Urban Communities
The 34 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBaldwin, J. (1974). The role of the victim in certain property offences. Criminal Law Review, 353–358.
no DOI — not checkedBaldwin, J. & Bottoms, A.E. (1976). The Urban Criminal. London: Tavistock.
no DOI — not checkedBell, D.S. (1982). Action against crime: campaign report. London: Age Concern.
no DOI — not checkedBottoms, A.E., Mawby, R.I. & Xanthos, P. (1981). Sheffield study on urban social structure and crime, Part 3. London: Report to Home Office.
no DOI — not checkedConklin, J. (1976). Robbery, the elderly and fear: an urban problem in search of a solution. In J. Goldsmith and S. Goldsmith (eds.), Crime and the Elderly. pp. 99–110. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedDobash, R. & Dobash, R. (1977). Wife beating — still a common form of offence. Social Work Today, 15 November, 14–17.
no DOI — not checkedDussich, J. & Eichman, C. (1976). The elderly victim — vulnerability to a criminal act. In J. Goldsmith and S. Goldsmith (eds.), Crime and the Elderly. pp. 91–98. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedEnnis, P. (1967). Criminal victimization in the United States. President’s Commission on Law-enforcement and Administration of Justice, Field Surveys III. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
no DOI — not checkedFurstenberg, F. (1971). Public reaction to crime in the streets. The American Scholar, 40, 601–610.
no DOI — not checkedGeis, G. (1976). Defrauding the elderly. In J. Goldsmith & S. Goldsmith (eds.), Crime and the Elderly. pp. 7–19. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedGeis, G. (1977). The terrible indignity: crimes against the elderly. In M. Rifia (ed.), Justice and Older Americans. pp. 7–11. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedGoldsmith, J. & Goldsmith, S. (eds.) (1976). Crime and the Elderly. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedHindelang, M. (1976). Criminal Victimization in Eight American Cities. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
no DOI — not checkedHolstrom, L. & Burgess, A. (1978). The Victim of Rape. New York: Wiley.
no DOI — not checkedLawton, M., Mahemow, L., Yaffe, S. & Feldman, S. (1976). Psychological aspects of crime and fear of crime. In J. Goldsmith and S. Goldsmith (eds.), Crime and the Elderly. pp. 21–29. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedMawby, R.I. (1979b). Policing the City. Farnborough: Saxon House.
no DOI — not checkedMawby, R.I. & Colston, N.S. (1979). Crime and the Elderly. Bradford: Report for Age Concern.
no DOI — not checkedMayhew, P.M., Clarke, R.V.G., Sturman, A. & Hough, J.M. (1976). Crime as opportunity. London: Home Office Research Studies No. 34.
no DOI — not checkedNewman, O. (1972). Defensible Space. London: Macmillan.
no DOI — not checkedPease, K. & McWilliams, W. (1980). Community Service by Order. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press.
no DOI — not checkedPizzey, E. (1974). Scream Quietly or the Neighbours Will Hear. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
no DOI — not checkedReynolds, P. (1973). Victimization in a Metropolitan Region. Minnesota, MN: Minnesota Centre for Sociological Research.
no DOI — not checkedRichardson, J. (1976). Purse snatch: robbery’s ugly step-child. In J. Goldsmith & S. Goldsmith (eds.), Crime and the Elderly. pp. 121–125. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedRifia, M. (ed.) (1977). Justice and Older Americans. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
no DOI — not checkedSkogan, W. (1976). Sample Surveys of the Victims of Crimes. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
no DOI — not checkedSoftley, P. (1978). Compensation Orders in Magistrates Courts. London: Home Office Research Studies No. 43.
no DOI — not checkedSparks, R., Genn, H. & Dodd, D. (1977). Surveying Victims. Chichester: Wiley.
no DOI — not checkedTarling, R. & Softley, P. (1976). Compensation Orders in the Crown Court. Criminal Law Review, 422–428.
no DOI — not checkedTitmuss, R.M. (1974). Social Policy. London: Allen & Unwin.
no DOI — not checkedVennard, J. (1979). Magistrates’ assessment of compensation for injury. Criminal Law Review, 510–523.
no DOI — not checkedVon Hentig, H. (1948). The Criminal and his Victim. New Haven, CT; Yale University Press.
no DOI — not checkedWasik, M. (1978). The place of compensation in the penal system. Criminal Law Review, 599–611.
no DOI — not checkedYoung, W. (1979). Community Service Orders. London: Heinemann.
no DOI — not checkedYounger, E. (1976). The California experience in crime prevention programs with senior citizens. In J. Goldsmith and S. Goldsmith (eds.), Crime and the Elderly. pp. 159–167. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
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