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Cointegration of U.S. budget and current account deficits: Twins or strangers?

https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02920112
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19/19 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-09

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

18 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 19 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1086/260266
Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?
resolves10.2307/1060036
The U. S. Current Account: A Long and Short Run Empirical Perspective
resolves10.2307/1058869
Federal Government Budget Deficits and Interest Rates: A Brief Note
resolves10.2307/1059847
Federal Government Budget Deficits and Interest Rates: Comment
resolves10.2307/2109344
Current Account and Budget Deficits: Twins or Distant Cousins?
resolves10.2307/1913236
Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing
resolves10.1016/0304-4076(87)90085-6
Forecasting and testing in co-integrated systems
resolves10.1016/0304-3932(86)90038-3
Is the dollar high because of large budget deficits?
resolves10.1086/261440
Interest Rates and Expected Future Budget Deficits in the United States
resolves10.1016/S0014-2921(83)80012-9
Domestic saving and international capital movements in the long run and the short run
resolves10.1111/j.1468-0084.1986.mp48003002.x
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STUDY OF COINTEGRATED ECONOMIC VARIABLES
resolves10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb00837.x
IS THE BUDGET DEFICIT “TOO LARGE?”
resolves10.2307/1402738
The Econometric Analysis of Economic Time Series
resolves10.2307/2534513
The Persistence of the U.S. Trade Deficit
resolves10.2307/2534091
Currency Contracts, Pass-Through, and Devaluation
resolves10.2307/1911260
Asymptotic Properties of Least Squares Estimators of Cointegrating Vectors
resolves10.1257/jep.2.3.147
Variable Trends in Economic Time Series
resolves10.1080/05775132.1984.11470902
Facing up to the Twin Deficits
resolves10.2307/2527045
Credit Rationing in an Open Economy
The 18 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBahmani-Oskooee, M. “Effects of the U.S. Government Budget on Its Current Account: An Empirical Inquiry.”Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 19 (1989): 76–91.
no DOI — not checkedCheng, Hang-Sheng. “2+2=4.” Federal Reserve Bank of San FranciscoWeekly Letter, 27 March 1987.
no DOI — not checkedCouncil of Economic Advisers.Economic Report of the President. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1989.
no DOI — not checkedDewald, William G. andMichael Ulan. “The Twin-Deficit Illusion.”Cato Journal 9 (1990): 689–707.
no DOI — not checkedEvans, Paul. “Do Large Deficits Produce High Interest Rates?.”American Economic Review 75 (1985): 68–87.
no DOI — not checkedGranger, C. “Cointegrated Variables and Error-Correcting Models.” Unpublished Discussion Paper, University of California, San Diego, CA, 1983.
no DOI — not checkedGranger, C., andP. Newbold.Forecasting Economic Time Series New York: Academic Press, 1977.
no DOI — not checkedJoseph G. Kvasnicka. “Bringing Down the Value of the U.S. Dollar.” InInternational Letter No. 552, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, November 1985.
no DOI — not checkedLaney, Leroy O. “Twin Deficits in the 1980s: What are the Linkages?”Business Economics. April 1986, 40–45.
no DOI — not checkedMeese, Richard, and Kenneth Rogoff. “Was It Real? The Exchange Rate-Interest Differential Relation Over the Modern Floating Rate Period.” Hoover Institution Working Papers in Economics. E-87-49, November 1987.
no DOI — not checkedMundell, Robert.International Economics. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1968.
no DOI — not checkedNiskanen, William A. “The Uneasy Relation Between The Budget and Trade Deficits.”Cato Journal 8 (1988): 507–532.
no DOI — not checkedPerman, Roger. “Cointegration: An Introduction to the Literature.”Journal of Economic Studies 18 (1991): 2–30.
no DOI — not checkedRivera-Batiz, Francisco L., andLuis Rivera-Batiz.International Finance and Open Economy Macroeconomics. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1985.
no DOI — not checkedSomensatto, Eduardo. “Budget Deficits, Exchange Rates, International Capital Flows, and Trade.” In:Contemporary Economic Problems. Edited by Phillip Cagan, Washington, D.C., American Enterprise Institute, 1985.
no DOI — not checkedTaliman, Ellis W., andFeffrey A. Rosensweig. “Investigating U.S. Government and Trade Deficits.”Economic Review (May/June 1991): 1–11, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, USA.
no DOI — not checkedTegene, A., andF. Kuchler. “An Error Correcting Model of Farmland Prices.”Applied Economics 23 (1991): 741–747.
no DOI — not checkedU.S. Department of the Treasury. “The Shaky Foundations of the Twin Towers” by Michael Darby, Washington, D.C.: 2 October 1987.
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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