Reference health
The current status of controlled thermal expansion superalloys
3/3 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
21 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 3 checked references that resolve
resolves10.7449/1980/Superalloys_1980_521_530
Improving the Notch-Rupture Strength of Low-Expansion Superalloys
resolves10.7449/1988/Superalloys_1988_161_170
Determination of the Effects of Cooling Rate from Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Precipitation Strengthened, Low Thermal Expansion Alloy
resolves10.7449/1988/Superalloys_1988_151_160
The Physical Metallurgy of a Silicone-Containing Low Expansion Superalloy
The 21 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedD.F. Smith and D.E. Wenschhof, “A Survey of Progress in Controlled-Expansion, Age-Hardenable Nickel-Iron-Cobalt Alloys,” presented at the TMS-AIME Fall Meeting, Detroit, Michigan (October 18–21, 1971).
no DOI — not checkedC.R. Austin and G.P. Halliwell, “Some Developments in High Temperature Alloys in the Nickel-Cobalt-Iron System,” Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Met. Eng., 99 (1932), pp. 78–100.
no DOI — not checkedA.M. Talbot, “Age Hardenable, Low Expansion, Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Titanium Alloy,” U.S. patent no. 2,266,481 (December 16, 1941).
no DOI — not checkedN.B. Pilling and A.M. Talbot, “Age Hardenable Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Possessing Controlled Thermoelastic Properties,” U.S. patent no. 2,266,482 (December 16, 1941).
no DOI — not checkedand J.B. Barber, “Titanium-Hardened Nickel-Cobalt-Iron Alloys,” U.S. patent no. 2,941,882 (June 2, 1960).
no DOI — not checkedJ.J. Mason and M.E. Rotherham, “Development of a Ni-Fe-Co Base High Strength Low Expansion Alloy (IN698),” Metallurgia and Metal forming, (October 1972), pp. 357–362.
no DOI — not checkedH.L. Eiselstein, “Age-Hardenable Nickel Alloy,” U.S. patent no. 3,046,108 (July 24, 1962).
no DOI — not checkedD.R. Muzyka and D.K. Schlosser, “Controlled Expansion Alloy,” U.S. patent no. 4,006,011 (February 1, 1977).
no DOI — not checkedD.R. Muzyka and D.K. Schlosser, “Nickel-Iron Base Alloys and Heat Treatment Therefor,” U.S. patent no. 3,705, 827 (December 12, 1972).
no DOI — not checkedD.R. Muzyka, C.R. Whitney and D.K. Schlosser, “Physical Metallurgy and Properties of a New Controlled-Expansion Superalloy,” JOM (July 1975), pp. 11–15.
no DOI — not checkedC.G. Rhodes and A.W. Thompson, “Microstructure and Hydrogen Performance of Alloy 903,” Met. Trans., 8A (June 1977), pp. 949–954.
no DOI — not checkedR.H. Bricknell and D.A. Woodford, “Grain Boundary Embrittlement of the Iron-Base Superalloy IN903A,” Met. Trans., 12A (September 1981), pp. 1673–1680.
no DOI — not checkedD.F. Smith, D.G. Tipton, E.F. Clatworthy and D.E. Wenschhof, “Heat Resistant Low Expansion Alloy,” U.S. patent no. 4,200,459 (April 29, 1980).
no DOI — not checkedD.F. Smith and E.F. Clatworthy, “Heat Treatment of Low Expansion Alloys,” U.S. patent no. 4,445,944 (May 1, 1984).
no DOI — not checkedJ.S. Smith and D.F. Smith, “Controlled Expansion Alloy,” U.S. patent no. 4,487,743 (December 11, 1984).
no DOI — not checkedD.F. Smith and J.S. Smith, “A History of Controlled Low Thermal Expansion Superalloys,” Physical Metallurgy of Controlled Expansion Invar-Type Alloys, ed. K.C. Russell and D.F. Smith (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1990), pp. 253–272.
no DOI — not checkedK.A. Heck, “The Effects of Silicon and Processing on the Structure and Properties of INCOLOY Alloy 909,” Physical Metallurgy of Controlled Expansion Invar-Type Alloys, ed. K.C. Russell and D.F. Smith (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1990), pp. 273–282.
no DOI — not checkedE.A. Wanner, (unpublished research at the Carpenter Technology Corporation, 1985).
no DOI — not checkedE.A. Wanner and S.Y. Widge, unpublished research at the Carpenter Technology Corporation, (1985).
no DOI — not checkedG.D. Smith and J.A.E. Bell, “Thermal Barrier Coating of INCOLOY alloy 909,” Physical Metallurgy of Controlled Expansion Invar-Type Alloys, ed. K.C. Russell and D.F. Smith (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1990), pp. 253–272.
no DOI — not checkedM.F. Rothman and H.M. Tawancy, “Low Thermal Expansion Superalloys,” U.S. patent no. 4,818,486 (April 4, 1989).
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