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The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-011-0064-7
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13/13 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

71 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 13 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2307/3910942
Artificial Radioactivity Produced for First Time
resolves10.1007/BF01390908
K�nstliche Erregung von Kern-?-Strahlen
resolves10.1038/129312a0
Possible Existence of a Neutron
resolves10.1088/0143-0807/31/4/027
Frédéric Joliot, Irène Curie and the early history of the positron (1932–33)
resolves10.1126/science.76.1967.238
The Apparent Existence of Easily Deflectable Positives
resolves10.1098/rspa.1933.0048
Some photographs of the tracks of penetrating radiation
resolves10.1038/131473b0
New Evidence for the Positive Electron
resolves10.1017/S0269889700001356
Mass-Energy and the Neutron in the Early Thirties
resolves10.1038/134237a0
A Nuclear Photo-effect: Disintegration of the Diplon by -Rays
resolves10.1007/BF01496258
�ber die von I. Curie und F. Joliot entdeckte k�nstliche Radioaktivit�t
resolves10.1007/s00016-008-0415-1
Enrico Fermi’s Discovery of Neutron-Induced Artificial Radioactivity:The Influence of His Theory of Beta Decay
resolves10.1119/1.14680
The naming of the deuteron
resolves10.1098/rspa.1933.0152
Bakerian lecture.―The neutron
The 71 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Un nouveau type de radioactivité,” Comptes rendus hebdomadaries des séances de l’Académie des Sciences 198 (1934), 254-256; reprinted in Frédèric et Irène Joliot-Curie, Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes. Ouvrage publié avec le concours du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1961), pp. 515-516.
no DOI — not checkedF. Joliot and I. Curie, “Artificial Production of a New Kind of Radio-Element,” Nature 133 (1934), 201-202; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 520-521.
no DOI — not checkedQuoted in ibid.
no DOI — not checkedE. Fermi, “Radioattività indotta da bombardamento di neutroni.–I,” La Ricerca Scientifica 5 (1934), 283; reprinted in Collected Papers (Note e Memorie). Vol I. Italy 1921-1938 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press and Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 1962), pp. 645-646; translated as “Radioactivity Induced by Neutron Bombardment.–I,” in Collected Papers, pp. 674-675.
no DOI — not checkedD. Skobeltsyne, “La découverte de la radioactivité artificielle et son role dans le développement de la physique depuis vingt ans,” La Pensée: Revue de rationalisme moderne 56 (1954), 3-13; S. Rosenblum, “L’aspect historique de la découverte de la radioactivité artificielle,” Le Journal de Physique et le Radium 16 (1955), 743-747; P.M.S. Blackett, “Jean Frédéric Joliot,” Fellows of the Royal Society Obituary Notices 6 (1960), 86-105, esp. 90-93; Pierre Biquard, Frédéric Joliot-Curie (Paris: Éditions Seghers, 1961), pp. 40-51; idem, Frédéric Joliot-Curie: The Man and his Theories. Translated by Geoffrey Strachan (New York: Paul S. Erikson, 1966), pp. 31-39; Manuel Valadares, “The discovery of artificial radioactivity,” Impact of Science on Society 14 (1964), 83-88; Maurice Goldsmith, Frédéric Joliot-Curie. A biography (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1976), pp. 48-59; Edoardo Amaldi, “From the Discovery of the Neutron to the Discovery of Nuclear Fission,” Physics Reports 111 (1984), 1-332, esp. 109-151; Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986), pp. 198-202; Rosalynd Pflaum, Grand Obsession: Madame Curie and Her World (New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland: Doubleday, 1989), pp. 299-310.
no DOI — not checkedFrancis Perrin, “Joliot, Frédéric,” in Charles Coulson Gillespie, ed., Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. VII (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973), pp. 151-157; F. Perrin, “La decouverte de la radioactivité beta positive,” Journal de Physique 43 Colloque C8, supplément au no 12 (Decembre 1982), 431-433; Pierre Radvanyi and Monique Bordry, La radioactivité artificielle et son histoire (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1984), pp. 95-119; Michel Pinault, Frédéric Joliot-Curie (Paris: Editions Odile Jacob, 2000), pp. 74-79; R.H. Stuewer, “The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity,” in Monique Bordry and Pierre Radvanyi, ed., Œuvre et Engagement de Frédéric Joliot-Curie. À l’occaision du centième anniversaire de sa naissance (Les Ulis: EDP Sciences, 2001), pp. 11–20; Pierre Radvanyi, “La radioactivité artificielle,” Pour la Science. Les Génies de la Science. Les Curie 9 (2001-2002), 58-69.
no DOI — not checkedRadvanyi and Bordry, La radioactivité artificielle (ref. 7), p. 106.
no DOI — not checkedInstitut International de Physique Solvay, Structure et Propriétés des Noyaux Atomiques. Rapports et Discussions du Septieme Conseil de Physique tenu a Bruxelles du 22 au 29 Octobre 1933 (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1934); hereafter cited as Solvay Rapports.
no DOI — not checkedInterview of Lew Kowarski by Charles Weiner on March 20, 1969, Niels Bohr Library and Archives, American Institute of Physics, College Park, MD, USA, website < http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4717_1.html >, p. 57 of 78.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot,“Sur la nature du rayonnement pénétrant excité dans les noyaux légers par les particules α,” Comptes rendus 194 (1932), 1229-1232; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 368-370.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Le Projection de noyaux atomiques par un rayonnement très pénétrant. L’existence du neutron,” Actualités scientifiques et industrielles, XXXII (Paris: Hermann et Cie, 1932); Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 422-437.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “New Evidence for the Neutron,” Nature 130 (1932), 57; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 379-380.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Sur les conditions d’émission des neutrons par action des particules α sur lés éléments légers,” Comptes rendus 196 (1933), 397-399; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 399-401.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 399; 401.
no DOI — not checkedPierre Auger and Gabriel Monod-Herzen, “Sur l’Emission de neutrons par l’aluminum sous l’action des particules α,” Comptes rendus 196 (1933), 543.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Projection de noyaux atomiques” (ref. 14).
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 12; 429.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Contribution à l’étude des électrons positifs,” Comptes rendus 196 (1933), 1105-1107; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 440-441.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Sur l’origin des electrons positifs,” Comptes rendus 196 (1933), 1581-1583; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 442-443.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 1582; 443.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Electrons de matérialisation et de transmutation,” Jour. Phys. et Rad. 4 (1933), 494-500, on 500; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 444-454, on p. 454.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Electrons positifs de transmutations,” Comptes rendus 196 (1933), 1885-1887; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 472-473.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Electrons de matérialisation” (ref. 28), p. 498; 451.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Nouvelles recherches sur l’émission des neutrons,” Jour. Phys. et Rad. 4 (1933) 278-286, on 279; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 402-413, on p. 404.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 280; 404.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Sur les conditions d’émission des neutrons” (ref. 16), p. 399; 401.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Nouvelles recherches” (ref. 31), p. 280; 404.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Electrons de matérialisation” (ref. 28).
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Electrons positifs de transmutations,” (ref. 29), p. 1886; 473.
no DOI — not checkedIbid.
no DOI — not checkedSolvay Rapports (ref. 9).
no DOI — not checkedRoger H. Stuewer, “The Seventh Solvay Conference: Nuclear Physics at the Crossroads,” in Anne J. Kox and Daniel M. Siegel, ed., No Truth Except in the Details: Essays in Honor of Martin J. Klein (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1995), pp. 333-362.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 337.
no DOI — not checkedSolvay Rapports (ref. 9), p. 176.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 173.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 177.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 153.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 174.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 179.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 180.
no DOI — not checkedIbid..
no DOI — not checkedIbid..
no DOI — not checkedMeitner to Curie, November 18, 1933, Meitner Papers, Churchill College Archives, Cambridge, England.
no DOI — not checkedSolvay Rapports (ref. 9), p. 177.
no DOI — not checkedFrédéric Joliot, manuscript notes for 1948/49 course at the Sorbonne, Archives Irène Curie et Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1918-1958), Paris France, p. 20.
no DOI — not checkedMiscellaneous notes, Archives Irène Curie et Frédéric Joliot-Curie (ref. 55).
no DOI — not checkedF. Joliot, “Preuve expérimentale de l’annihilation des électrons positifs,” Comptes rendus 197 (1933), 1622-1625; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 456-458; idem, “Sur la dématérialisation de paires d’électrons,” ibid. 198 (1934), 81-83; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 459-461.
no DOI — not checkedInterview of Wolfgang Gentner by Charles Weiner on November 15, 1971, Niels Bohr Library and Archives, American Institute of Physics, College Park, MD, USA, pp. 16-20.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Un nouveau type de radioactivité” (ref. 1).
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 255; 515. Jean Thibaud’s throcoid method entailed sending positrons through a nonuniform magnetic field onto a photographic plate; see Jean Thibaud, “Déviation électrostatique et charge spécifique de l’électron positif,” Comptes rendus 197 (1933), 447-448; idem, “Étude des propriétés physiques du positron,” ibid, 915-917; idem, “Electrostatic Deflection of Positive Electrons,” Nature 132 (1933), 480-481.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Un nouveau type de radioactivité” (ref. 1), p. 256; 516.
no DOI — not checkedIbid.
no DOI — not checkedFrancis Perrin, “Possibilité d’émission de particules neutres de masse intrinsèque nulle dans les radioactivités β,” Comptes rendus 197 (1933), 1625-1627.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 1627.
no DOI — not checkedE. Fermi, “Tentativo di una teoria dell’emissione dei raggi ‘beta’,” Ric. Sci. 4 (1933), 491-495; reprinted in Collected Papers (ref. 5), pp. 540-544.
no DOI — not checkedE. Fermi, “Tentativo di una teoria dei raggi β,” Il Nuovo Cimento 11 (1934), 1-19; reprinted in Collected Papers (ref. 5), pp. 559-574; E. Fermi, “Versuch einer Theorie der β-Strahlen. I.,” Zeit. f. Phys. 88 (1934), 161-171; reprinted in Collected Papers (ref. 5), pp. 575-590.
no DOI — not checkedSolvay Rapports (ref. 9), pp. 324-325.
no DOI — not checkedQuoted in Laurie M. Brown and Helmut Rechenberg, “Field theories of nuclear forces in the 1930s: the Fermi-Field theory,” Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 25 (1994), 1-24, on 9.
no DOI — not checkedRadvanyi and Bordry, La radioactivité artificielle (ref. 7), p. 106.
no DOI — not checkedIbid., pp. 109-110.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Un nouveau type de radioactivité” (ref. 1), p. 254, n. 2; 515, n. 2.
no DOI — not checkedEditor of Nature to Joliot, January 31, 1934, Archives Irène Curie et Frédéric Joliot-Curie Joliot-Curie (ref. 55).
no DOI — not checkedJoliot and Curie, “Artificial Production” (ref. 2).
no DOI — not checkedIbid., p. 201; 520.
no DOI — not checkedIrène Curie and F. Joliot, “Séparation chimique des nouveaux radioéléments émetteurs d’électrons positifs,” Comptes rendus 198 (1934), 559-561; Œuvres Scientifiques Complètes (ref. 1), pp. 517-519.
no DOI — not checkedFrédéric Joliot, “Chemical evidence of the transmutation of elements” [Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1935] in Nobel Foundation, Nobel Lectures including Presentation Speeches and Laureates’ Biographies. Chemistry 1922-1941 (Amsterdam, London, New York: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1966), pp. 369-373, on p. 369.
no DOI — not checkedCurie and Joliot, “Séparation chimique” (ref. 76), pp. 561; 518-519.
no DOI — not checkedRutherford to Joliot-Curie, January 29, 1934, Archives Irène Curie et Frédéric Joliot-Curie Joliot-Curie (ref. 55).
no DOI — not checkedJoliot-Curie to Rutherford, February 2, 1934, Archives Irène Curie et Frédéric Joliot-Curie Joliot-Curie (ref. 55).
no DOI — not checkedJ.D. Cockcroft, C.W. Gilbert, and E.T.S. Walton, “Production of Induced Radioactivity by High Velocity Protons,” Nature 133 (1934), 328; Malcolm C. Henderson, M. Stanley Livingston, and Ernest O. Lawrence, “Artificial Radioactivity Produced by Deuton Bombardment,” Phys. Rev. 45 (1934), 428–429; H.R. Crane and C.C. Lauritsen, “Radioactivity from Carbon and Boron Oxide Bombarded with Deutons and the Conversion of Positrons into Radiation,” ibid., 430–432.
no DOI — not checkedRutherford nomination of Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie, January 21, 1935, Nobel Archives, Center for History of Science, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
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