Reference health
EMU fiscal indicators: a misleading compass?
19/19 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-26
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
47 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 19 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00023.x
Public Investment, the Stability Pact and the ‘Golden Rule’
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2005199
Pension Expenditure Projections, Pension Liabilities and European Union Fiscal Rules
resolves10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00076-2
Good, bad or ugly? On the effects of fiscal rules with creative accounting
resolves10.2139/ssrn.515069
Budgetary Forecasts in Europe - the Track Record of Stability and Convergence Programmes
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2785083
What Do Deficits Tell Us About Debt? Empirical Evidence on Creative Accounting with Fiscal Rules in the EU
The 47 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAuerbach AJ, Gokhale J, Kotlikoff LJ (1991) Generational Accounts: A Meaningful Alternative to Deficit Accounting. In: Bradford D (ed) Tax policy and the economy, vol 5. National Bureau of Economic Research and MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, pp 55–110
no DOI — not checkedBalassone F, Franco D (2000a) Assessing fiscal sustainability: a review of methods with a view to EMU. In: Banca d’Italia (ed) Fiscal sustainability. Rome
no DOI — not checkedBanca d’Italia (ed) (2000) Fiscal sustainability. Rome
no DOI — not checkedBanca d’Italia (ed) (2001) Fiscal rules. Rome
no DOI — not checkedBanca d’Italia (2002) Annual report. Rome
no DOI — not checkedBank of Greece (2003) Annual report 2002. Athens
no DOI — not checkedBank of Greece (2004) Summary of the annual report for 2003. Athens
no DOI — not checkedBastable CF (1927) Public finance. Macmillan, London
no DOI — not checkedBlanchard, OJ (1990) Suggestions for a new set of fiscal indicators, OECD Working Paper No. 79, Paris
no DOI — not checkedBlanchard OJ, Chouraqui JC, Hagemann RP, Sartor N (1990) The sustainability of fiscal policy: new answers to old questions. OECD Economic Study No. 15. Paris
no DOI — not checkedBlejer MI, Cheasty A (1991) The measurement of fiscal deficits: analytical and methodological issues. J Econ Lit 29(4)
no DOI — not checkedBlejer MI, Cheasty A (eds) (1993) How to measure the fiscal deficit: analytical and methodological issues. International Monetary Fund, Washington
no DOI — not checkedBoskin MJ (1982) Federal government deficit: some myths and realities. Am Econ Rev 72(2):296–303
no DOI — not checkedBrunila A, Buti M, Franco D (eds) (2002) The stability and growth pact—the fiscal architecture of EMU. Palgrave, Basingstoke
no DOI — not checkedBuiter WH (1983) Measurement of the public sector deficit and its implications for policy evaluation and design. Staff Papers, IMF 30 (June) pp 307–349
no DOI — not checkedBuiter WH (1995) What do generational accounts tell us about the effects of the budget on intergenerational distribution and saving behaviour? In: Conference paper, S. 111, Centre for Economic Performance, Seminar. Cambridge
no DOI — not checkedButi M, Eijffinger S, Franco D (2003) Revisiting the stability and growth pact: grand design or internal adjustment? CEPR Working Paper, No 3692
no DOI — not checkedButi M, Sapir A (eds) (1998) Economic policy in EMU. Oxford University Press, Oxford
no DOI — not checkedCommonwealth of Australia (1999) Fiscal policy under accrual budgeting—information paper. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
no DOI — not checkedCommonwealth of Australia (2002a) Budget strategy and outlook 2002–03. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
no DOI — not checkedCommonwealth of Australia (2002b) Intergenerational report 2002–03. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
no DOI — not checkedDomar ED (1944) The burden of the debt and the national income. American Economic Review (December)
no DOI — not checkedEconomic Policy Committee (2001) Budgetary challenges posed by ageing populations: the impact on public spending on pensions, health and long-term care for the elderly and possible indicators of the long-term sustainability of public finances. Brussels
no DOI — not checkedEconomic Policy Committee (2003) The impact of ageing populations on public finances: overview of analysis carried out at EU level and proposals for a future work programme. Brussels
no DOI — not checkedEisner R (1984) Which budget deficit? Some issues of measurement and their implications. Am Econ Rev 74(2):138–143
no DOI — not checkedEuropean Commission (2002) Public finances in EMU, 2002, European Economy, No. 3. Brussels
no DOI — not checkedEuropean Commission (2003) Public finances in EMU, 2003, European Economy, No. 3. Brussels
no DOI — not checkedEuropean Commission (2004) Public finances in EMU, 2004, European Economy, No. 3. Brussels
no DOI — not checkedEuropean Commission (2005) Public finances in EMU, 2004, European Economy, No. 3. Brussels
no DOI — not checkedEurostat (1979) European System of Accounts. Luxembourg
no DOI — not checkedEurostat (1995) European System of Accounts. Luxembourg
no DOI — not checkedEurostat (2000) ESA manual on deficit and debt. Luxembourg
no DOI — not checkedEurostat (2002) Euro-zone in 2001, News Release, 21st March
no DOI — not checkedFranco D, Marino MR (2004) The role of long-term fiscal projections. Workshop on long-term fiscal projections, February 12–13, 2004, Seville, Spain
no DOI — not checkedInternational Monetary Fund (1996) World economic outlook, May 1996. Washington
no DOI — not checkedInternational Monetary Fund (2001a) Government finance statistics Manua. Washington
no DOI — not checkedInternational Monetary Fund (2001b) Manual on fiscal transparency. Washington
no DOI — not checkedKoen V, van den Noord P (2005) Fiscal gimmickry in Europe; one-off measures and creative accounting. OECD Working Paper No. 417. Paris
no DOI — not checkedKotlikoff LJ (1984) Economic impact of deficit financing. Staff Papers, IMF 33
no DOI — not checkedNew Zealand Treasury (1995) Fiscal Responsibility Act 1994: an explanation. Wellington
no DOI — not checkedPeacock A, Shaw GK (1981) The public sector borrowing requirement. Newnorth Artwork Ltd, Bedford
no DOI — not checkedHM Treasury (2003) Long-term public finance report: fiscal sustainability with an ageing populations. HMSO, London
no DOI — not checkedHM Treasury (2004) The stability and growth pact: a discussion paper. HMSO, London
no DOI — not checkedUnited States Congressional Budget Office (2004) Measures of the U.S. government’s fiscal position under current law. A CBO Paper (August). Washington
no DOI — not checkedUnited States Department of the Treasury (2004) Financial report of the United States Government. Government Printing Office, Washington
no DOI — not checkedvan den Noord P, Herd R (1993) Pension liabilities in the seven major economies. OECD Working Paper 142. Paris
no DOI — not checkedWyplosz C (2002) Fiscal policy: institutions vs. rules. HEI working paper, no. 3
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