Reference health
Turnout as a Habit
23/23 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-25
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
11 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 23 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1348/014466607X230876
Habit vs. intention in the prediction of future behaviour: The role of frequency, context stability and mental accessibility of past behaviour
resolves10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00354.x
Who Is Mobilized to Vote? A Re‐Analysis of 11 Field Experiments
resolves10.1037/0278-6133.21.5.513
Predicting future blood donor returns: Past behavior, intentions, and observer effects.
resolves10.1111/1540-5907.00038
Voting May Be Habit‐Forming: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
resolves10.1017/S0007123400000247
Habit Formation and Political Behaviour: Evidence of Consuetude in Voter Turnout
resolves10.1023/A:1006651130422
Residential Mobility, Community Mobility, and Electoral Participation
resolves10.1016/S1057-7408(07)70037-2
Purchase and Consumption Habits: Not Necessarily What You Intend
resolves10.2307/2657465
A New Solution to the Collective Action Problem: The Paradox of Voter Turnout
resolves10.1016/j.jesp.2007.02.001
Taking a closer look: On the operation of nonconscious impression formation
resolves10.1017/S0003055402004227
Becoming a Habitual Voter: Inertia, Resources, and Growth in Young Adulthood
resolves10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249
Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence.
The 11 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAldrich, J. H., Montgomery, J. M., Taylor, A., & Wood, W. (2007). Repeated turnout as a habit. Paper presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
no DOI — not checkedAsparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2006). Robust chi square difference testing with mean and variance adjusted test statistics. Mplus Web Notes: No. 10. http://www.statmodel.com/download/webnotes/webnote10.pdf .
no DOI — not checkedBargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. In R. S. Wyer & T. S. Scrull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition: Basic processes (Vol. 2, pp. 1–40). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
no DOI — not checkedCampbell, D. E. (2006). Why we vote: How schools and communities shape our civic life. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
no DOI — not checkedCampbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: Wiley.
no DOI — not checkedMarcus, G. E. (2002). The sentimental citizen: Emotion in democratic politics. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
no DOI — not checkedMarcus, G. E., Neuman, W. R., & MacKuen, M. (2000). Affective intelligence and political judgement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
no DOI — not checkedNeal, D., Wood, W., & Drolet, A. (2010). Habits as external self-control. CA: University of Southern California. (in review).
no DOI — not checkedRosenstone, S. J., & Hansen, J. M. (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
no DOI — not checkedTriandis, H. C. (1977). Interpersonal behavior. New York: Brooks/Cole.
no DOI — not checkedVerba, S., & Nie, N. H. (1972). Participation in America. New York: Harper Row.
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-07-25 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1007/s11109-010-9148-3"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1007/s11109-010-9148-3/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1007/s11109-010-9148-3)