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The Heterogeneity of Self-Employment: The Example of Asians in the United States
17/17 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-02
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
9 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 17 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2307/800652
Black and Asian Self-Employment in Large Metropolitan Areas: A Comparative Analysis
resolves10.1006/ssre.1996.0018
Detecting Discrimination: Analyzing Racial Disparities in Public Contracting
resolves10.1177/019791838902300104
Intra-group Differences in Business Participation: Three Asian Immigrant Groups
resolves10.1007/BF02294968
An investigation into the effects of ethnicity and immigration on self-employment
resolves10.1111/j.1533-8525.1984.tb00195.x
From White-Collar Occupations to Small Business: Korean Immigrants' Occupational Adjustment
resolves10.1016/0883-9026(94)90006-X
The effect of education and experience on self-employment success
resolves10.2307/2096333
Immigrant Self-Employment: The Family as Social Capital and the Value of Human Capital
resolves10.1177/019791839102500203
The Changing Significance of Ethnic and Class Resources in Immigrant Businesses: The Case of Korean Immigrant Businesses in Chicago
The 9 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedRace, Self-Employment & Upward Mobility: An Illusive American Dream
no DOI — not checked3805_CR8
no DOI — not checkedEthnic and Racial Entrepreneurship: A Study of Historical and Contemporary Differences
no DOI — not checkedNew Urban Immigrants: The Korean Community in New York
no DOI — not checkedEthnic Economics
no DOI — not checkedRace, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship in Urban America
no DOI — not checkedMessenger, Jon C. and Andrew Stettner, 2000, ‘The Quality of Self-Employment Jobs in the United States.’ Contribution to the ILO Action Programme on ‘Enterprise Creation by the Unemployed – the Role of Microfinance in Industrialized Countries’, January.
no DOI — not checkedCaught in the Middle: Korean Communities in New York and Los Angeles
no DOI — not checkedRacial Discrimination and Minority Business Enterprises
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carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
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