Reference health
Effect of nozzle geometry on pressure drop in submerged gas injection
26/26 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
4 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 26 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.158
A systematic experimental study and dimensionless analysis of bubble plume oscillations in rectangular bubble columns
resolves10.1016/j.ces.2017.03.010
Effect of differential flow schemes on gas-liquid flow and liquid phase mixing in a Basic Oxygen Furnace
resolves10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.06.011
Experimental studies on the terminal velocity of air bubbles in water and glycerol aqueous solution
resolves10.13182/NSE75-A26616
Rate of Liquid Entrainment at the Gas-Liquid Interface of a Liquid Submerged Sonic Gas Jet
resolves10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.09.011
Euler–Euler modeling and X-ray measurement of oscillating bubble chain in liquid metals
resolves10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.122
Optimization of bottom tuyere configuration for Basic Oxygen Furnace steelmaking through experiments and CFD simulations
resolves10.1007/s11663-015-0324-z
Mixing Phenomena in a Bottom Blown Copper Smelter: A Water Model Study
resolves10.1016/j.ces.2018.07.034
Euler-Euler simulation and X-ray measurement of bubble chain in a shallow container filled with liquid metals
resolves10.1007/s11837-017-2336-4
Submerged Gas Jet Penetration: A Study of Bubbling Versus Jetting and Side Versus Bottom Blowing in Copper Bath Smelting
resolves10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64930-1
Cold model on bubble growth and detachment in bottom blowing process
resolves10.1007/s11837-015-1380-1
Energy Consumption in Copper Smelting: A New Asian Horse in the Race
resolves10.1002/srin.199700549
Effects of bubble expansion on wear of refractory for BOF stirring plugs embedding tuyères
resolves10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.76.11_1996
The Mechanism of the Back-attack Phenomenon on a Bottom Blowing Tuyere Investigated in Model Experiments
resolves10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.76.11_2004
Elimination of the Back-attack Phenomenon on a Bottom Blowing Tuyere Investigated in Model Experiments
resolves10.2355/isijinternational.39.779
Back-attack Phenomena of Gas Jets with Submerged Horizontally Blowing and Effects on Erosion and Wear of Refractory Lining.
resolves10.2355/isijinternational.50.1347
Physical Modeling Study on Combined Side and Top Blowing AOD Refining Process of Stainless Steel: Back-attack Phenomenon of Gas Streams with Horizontal Side Blowing and Its Influence on Erosion and Wear of Refractory Lining
resolves10.1016/S1003-6326(17)60277-2
Multiphase equilibrium modeling of oxygen bottom-blown copper smelting process
resolves10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.602-605.546
Hydraulic Model Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Bottom-Blowing Copper Smelting Furnace
resolves10.2355/isijinternational.41.1454
Effect of Lance Design on Jet Behavior and Spitting Rate in Top Blown Process.
resolves10.1205/cherd.02156
Steel-Slag Mass Transfer in Steel Converter, Bottom and Top/Bottom Combined Blowing Through Cold Model Experiments
resolves10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.11.014
Effect of nozzle geometry on pressure drop and heat transfer in submerged jet arrays
resolves10.1007/s11663-013-9943-4
A Critical Review of the Modified Froude Number in Ladle Metallurgy
The 4 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedCHEN Ri-jian, YAN Hong-jie, LIU Liu, XIAO Jun-bing, SONG Yan-po. Bubble size distribution in bottom blowing process based on image processing technology [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2018, 49(6): 1541–1547. (in Chinese)
no DOI — not checkedKAPUSTA J P, LAROUCHE F, PALUMBO E. Adoption of high oxygen bottom blowing in copper matte smelting: Why is it taking so long? [C]// MUINONEN M, MARIN T, STUBINA N. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the Torstein Utigard Memorial Symposium. Toronto, Canada: The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, 2015.
no DOI — not checkedYU Yue, WEN Zhi, LIU Xun-liang, SU Fu-yong, LAN Hai-peng, HAO Xiao-hong. Simulation and experiment of influence of nozzle structure on bottom-blowing furnace flowing process [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2014, 45(12): 4129–4137. (in Chinese)
no DOI — not checkedYAN Hong-jie, XIAO Jun-bing, HU Zhi-wen. Experimental investigation on bubbule formation from multi-hole nozzles [C]// KINGOLI F, XUEYI G, SHUMSKIY V, KOZLOV P, CAPIGILIA C, SILVA AC, TURNA T. Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit. Montraal, Canada: Flogen Star OUTREACH, 2016, 8: 199–212.
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work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
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