Reference health
Elemental Copper Recovery from e-Wastes Mediated with a Two-Step Bioleaching Process
39/39 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-10
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 39 checked references that resolve
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Column bioleaching copper and its kinetics of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
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Microbial Recovery of Copper from Printed Circuit Boards of Waste Computer by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
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Optimizing mixed culture of two acidophiles to improve copper recovery from printed circuit boards (PCBs)
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Characterization of Printed Circuit Boards for Metal and Energy Recovery after Milling and Mechanical Separation
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Ferric sulphate leaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards
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Bioleaching of copper from waste printed circuit boards by bacterial consortium enriched from acid mine drainage
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Continuous production of a biogenic ferric iron lixiviant for the bioleaching of printed circuit boards (PCBs)
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Biohydrometallurgical iron oxidation and precipitation: Part I — Effect of pH on process performance
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The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedFornalczyk, A., Willner, J., Francuz, K., Cebulski, J.: E-waste as a source of valuable metals. Arch. Mater. Sci. Eng. 63, 87–92 (2013)
no DOI — not checkedChen, Y., Chen, M., Li, Y., Wang, B., Chen, S., Xu, Z.: Impact of technological innovation and regulation development on e-waste toxicity: a case study of waste mobile phones. Sci. Rep. 8, 1–9 (2018)
no DOI — not checkedHagelüken, C.: Mining our computers -opportunities and challenges to recover scarce and valuable metals from end-of-life electronic devices. Electron. Goes Green 2008, 623–628 (2008)
no DOI — not checkedPascual, P., Nadal, J.: El coure: Producció i consum a l’era industrial. (2008)
no DOI — not checkedMražíková, A., Marcinčáková, R., Kaduková, J., Velgosová, O.: Influence of bacterial culture to copper bioleaching from printed circuit boards. Inz. Miner. 14, 59–62 (2013)
no DOI — not checkedWillner, J., Fornalczyk, A.: Extraction of metals from electronic waste by bacterial leaching. Environ. Prot. Eng. 39, 197–208 (2013)
no DOI — not checkedZhang, C., Cai, Y., Wang, J., Bai, J., Zhou, Y., Wu, W., Mao, W.: Recovery of copper from bio-leaching solutions of waste printed circuit boards waste by ion exchange. In: Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation, ICDMA 2010 (2010)
no DOI — not checkedKhattab, I.A., Shaffei, M.F., Shaaban, N.A., Hussein, H.S., Abd El-Rehim, S.S.: Electrochemical removal of copper ions from dilute solutions using packed bed electrode. Part II. Egypt. J. Pet. 22, 205–210 (2013)
no DOI — not checkedAgrawal, R., Kapoor, M.: Theoretical considerations of the cementation of copper with iron. JS Afr. Inst. Min. Met. 82, 106–111 (1982)
no DOI — not checkedRossi, G., Trois, P., Visca, P.: In-situ pilot semi-commercial bioleaching test at the San Valentino di Predoi mine (Northern Italy). In: Fundamental and Applied Biohydrometallurgy: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Biohydrometallurgy. pp. 173–189 (1986)
no DOI — not checkedAgate, A.D., Khinvasara, N.J.: Bioleaching of copper ores and concentrate of malankhand area, India. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 16, 83–90 (1986)
no DOI — not checkedJeffery, G.H., Bassett, J., Mendham, J., Denney, R.C.: Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Longman Scientific & Technical, England (1989)
no DOI — not checkedAlers, G.B., Lu, X., Sukamto, J.H., Reid, J., Harm, G.: Influence of copper purity on microstructure and electromigration. In: Proceedings of IEEE 2004 Internationa Interconnect Technology Conference 45–47 (2004)
no DOI — not checkedCho, K.S., Ryu, H.W., Choi, H.M.: Toxicity evaluation of complex metal mixtures using reduced metal concentrations: application to iron oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18, 1298–1307 (2008)
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