Reference health
Gas entrainment characteristics of diesel spray injected by a group-hole nozzle
27/27 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
8 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 27 checked references that resolve
resolves10.4271/2001-01-0530
Flame Lift-Off on Direct-Injection Diesel Sprays Under Quiescent Conditions
resolves10.1115/1.3124791
Experimental Study on Effects of Nozzle Hole Geometry on Achieving Low Diesel Engine Emissions
resolves10.4271/962002
Effect of Injector Nozzle Hole Size and Number on Spray Characteristics and the Performance of a Heavy Duty D.I. Diesel Engine
resolves10.4271/2002-01-1160
Cause of Exhaust Smoke and Its Reduction Methods in an HSDI Diesel Engine Under High-Speed and High-Load Conditions
resolves10.1615/AtomizSpr.v19.i4.20
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SPRAY AND MIXTURE PROPERTIES OF THE GROUP-HOLE NOZZLE FOR DIRECT-INJECTION DIESEL ENGINES, PART I: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH THE SINGLE-HOLE NOZZLE
resolves10.1615/AtomizSpr.v19.i4.30
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SPRAY AND MIXTURE PROPERTIES OF THE GROUP-HOLE NOZZLE FOR DIRECT-INJECTION DIESEL ENGINES, PART II: EFFECTS OF INCLUDED ANGLE AND INTERVAL BETWEEN ORIFICES
resolves10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.014
Flame structure of wall-impinging diesel fuel sprays injected by group-hole nozzles
resolves10.4271/2008-01-2469
Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Wall-Impinging Sprays Injected by Group-Hole Nozzles for Direct-Injection Diesel Engines
resolves10.1243/14680874JER05909
Improving diesel mixture preparation by optimization of orifice arrangements in a group-hole nozzle
resolves10.4271/2009-01-1123
Experimental Investigation of Intake Condition and Group-Hole Nozzle Effects on Fuel Economy and Combustion Noise for Stoichiometric Diesel Combustion in an HSDI Diesel Engine
resolves10.1615/AtomizSpr.v19.i10.60
INVESTIGATION OF CLUSTER-NOZZLE CONCEPTS FOR DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINES
resolves10.1016/S0255-2701(99)00036-7
Influence of atomiser design and coaxial gas velocity on gas entrainment into sprays
resolves10.1364/AO.23.001690
Scattering particle characteristics and their effect on pulsed laser measurements of fluid flow: speckle velocimetry vs particle image velocimetry
resolves10.4271/2003-01-1115
Simultaneous Flow Field Measurement of D.I. Gasoline Spray and Entrained Ambient Air by LIF-PIV Technique
resolves10.4271/1999-01-0523
The Effect of Injection Pressure on Air Entrainment into Transient Diesel Sprays
resolves10.1615/AtomizSpr.v19.i11.20
GAS ENTRAINMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL SPRAY DURING END OF INJECTION TRANSIENT
resolves10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00211-X
Direct measurement of entrainment in reacting/nonreacting turbulent jets
resolves10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.003
An experimental and numerical study on sprays injected from two-hole nozzles for DISI engines
resolves10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.413
SC2-4: Liquid-Phase Diesel Spray Penetration during End-of-Injection Transient(SC: Spray and Spray Combustion,General Session Papers)
resolves10.4271/930920
Effect of Spray-Wall Interaction on Air Entrainment in a Transient Diesel Spray
The 8 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBergstrand P, Forsth M, Denbrantt I. The influence of orifice diameter on flame lift-off length. In: Proceedings of the 18th ILASS-Europe annual conference, Zaragoza, Spain; 2002.
no DOI — not checkedEffects of micro-hole and ultra-high injection pressure on mixture properties of DI diesel spray
no DOI — not checkedEffects of gas density and vaporization on penetration and dispersion of diesel sprays
no DOI — not checkedIida N, Wakimoto K, Takahashi S, Nikolic D. Effect of nozzle diameter and Egr ratio on the flame temperature and soot formation for various fuels. SAE technical paper no. 2001-01-1939; 2001.
no DOI — not checkedKim S, Namba M, Shimo D, Kataoka M. Numerical analysis of the mechanism in diesel mixture formation and emission reduction by group hole nozzle. In: Proceedings of the 20th internal combustion engine symposium, Tokyo, Japan; 2009 [in Japanese].
no DOI — not checkedAn analysis of droplets and ambient gas interaction in a DI gasoline spray using LIF-PIV technique
no DOI — not checkedCharacteristics of air flow surrounding non-evaporating transient diesel sprays
no DOI — not checkedMoon S, Matsumoto Y, Gao J, Nishida K. Optimization of wall-impinging spray characteristics injected by group-hole nozzles to improve the in-cylinder air utilization. In: Proceedings of the 17th symposium of ILASS-Japan, Yokohama, Japan; 2008.
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work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
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