Reference health
The evolution of outdoor copper patina
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15/15 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
19 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 15 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/0010-938X(87)90053-9
Copper patinas formed in the atmosphere—II. A qualitative assessment of mechanisms
resolves10.1021/bk-1986-0318.ch007
Environmental Effects on Metallic Corrosion Products Formed in Short-Term Atmospheric Exposures
resolves10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0005
Structure of Cu2.5(OH)3SO4.2H2O: a Novel Corrosion Product of Copper.
resolves10.1149/1.2048529
Atmospheric Corrosion Effects of SO 2 and NO 2 : A Comparison of Laboratory and Field‐Exposed Copper
resolves10.1016/0010-938X(87)90049-7
The characterization of patina components by X-ray diffraction and evolved gas analysis
resolves10.1016/0010-938X(87)90052-7
The reaction of simulated rain with copper, copper patina, and some copper compounds
resolves10.1149/1.1838422
Some Aspects of the Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper in the Presence of Sodium Chloride
resolves10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00057-0
Reactions of copper patina compounds—I. Influence of some air pollutants
resolves10.1109/TPHP.1977.1135168
Contact Behavior of Telephone Relays and Connectors in Various Aggressive Environments
The 19 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00081-6_BIB1
no DOI — not checkedB. Stöckle, A. Krätschmer, M. Mach, R. Snethlage, UN/ECE International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials, Including Historic and Cultural Moments, Report No. 23, Corrosion Attack on Copper and Cast Bronze, Evaluation after 8 Years of Exposure, Bavarian State Conservation Office, München, Germany, 1998
no DOI — not checkedE. Mattsson, R. Holm, ASTM STP 435, vol. 187, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1968
no DOI — not checkedI.R. Scholes, W.R. Jacob, Copper and Its Alloys, Monograph and Report, vol. 330, Series 34, Institute of Metals, London, 1970
no DOI — not checkedE. Mattsson, R. Holm, in: S.W. Dean, E.C. Rhea (Eds.), ASTM STP 767, vol. 85, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1982
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00081-6_BIB8
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00081-6_BIB9
no DOI — not checkedI. Odnevall, C. Leygraf, Proc. 13th Int. Corrosion Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 1996
no DOI — not checkedL.P. Costa, in: S.W. Dean, E.C. Rhea (Eds.), ASTM STP 767, vol. 106, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1982
no DOI — not checkedA. Krätschmer, B. Stöckle, UN/ECE International Co-operative Programme on effects on Materials, Including Historic and Cultural Moments, Report No. 32, Results from XRD analysis of Copper Corrosion Products, Bavarian State Conservation Office, München, Germany, 1998
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00081-6_BIB17
no DOI — not checkedUN/ECE International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials, Including Historic and Cultural Monuments. Report No. 2, Description of Test Sites, Swedish Corrosion Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, 1989
no DOI — not checkedGmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Teil B, Lieferung 1, Syst. Nr. 60, 1958
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00081-6_BIB21
no DOI — not checkedH.H. Bock, Automatische Klassifikation, Theroretische und praktische Methoden zur Gruppierung und Strukturierung von Daten (Cluster-Analyse), Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen, Germany, 1974
no DOI — not checkedJ.F. Henriksen, A. Dahlback, K. Arnesen, U. Elvedal, A. Rode, UN/ECE International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials, Including Historic and Cultural Monuments, Report No. 21, Final Environmental Data Report, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway, 1998
no DOI — not checkedW.H.J. Vernon, J. Chem. Soc. London 1853 (1964)
no DOI — not checkedD. Wagner, M. Tietz, O. Von Franqué, W.R. Fischer, Proc. 13th Int. Corros. Congr., Melbourne, Australia, paper 143, 1996
no DOI — not checkedI. Odnevall, C. Leygraf, ASTM STP 1239, in: W.W. Kirk, H.H. Lawson (Eds.), American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1995
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work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
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