Reference health
The Hallmarks of Cancer
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84/84 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-25
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
18 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 84 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/S0031-6997(24)01359-0
Signal Transduction and Signal Modulation by Cell Adhesion Receptors: The Role of Integrins, Cadherins, Immunoglobulin-Cell Adhesion Molecules, and Selectins
resolves10.1126/science.284.5415.808
Effects of Angiogenesis Inhibitors on Multistage Carcinogenesis in Mice
resolves10.1126/science.279.5349.349
Extension of Life-Span by Introduction of Telomerase into Normal Human Cells
resolves10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00098.x
Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity.
resolves10.1016/0014-5793(94)00814-0
<i>src</i>‐related protein tyrosine kinases are physically associated with the surface antigen CD36 in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
resolves10.1073/pnas.96.8.4240
New insights into tumor suppression: PTEN suppresses tumor formation by restraining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway
resolves10.1093/jnci/89.17.1260
Changing views of the role of matrix metalloproteinases in metastasis
resolves10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01236-5
The INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor: one gene—two products—two pathways
resolves10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01343-7
The role of the cell-adhesion molecule E-cadherin as a tumour-suppressor gene
resolves10.1038/369414a0
A second signal supplied by insulin-like growth factor II in oncogene-induced tumorigenesis
resolves10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05245.x
Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity.
resolves10.1073/pnas.95.25.14723
Dissociation among
<i>in vitro</i>
telomerase activity, telomere maintenance, and cellular immortalization
resolves10.1101/gad.13.11.1382
Inflammatory mast cells up-regulate angiogenesis during squamous epithelial carcinogenesis
resolves10.1126/science.7521539
Control of Angiogenesis in Fibroblasts by p53 Regulation of Thrombospondin-1
resolves10.1126/science.2885917
<i>erb</i>
B-2 Is a Potent Oncogene When Overexpressed in NIH/3T3 Cells
resolves10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80149-X
Mechanisms and consequences of activation of protein kinase B/Akt
resolves10.1126/science.2537532
The Human Papilloma Virus-16 E7 Oncoprotein Is Able to Bind to the Retinoblastoma Gene Product
resolves10.1073/pnas.94.20.10868
The mechanism of cancer-mediated conversion of plasminogen to the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin
resolves10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80761-8
Short Dysfunctional Telomeres Impair Tumorigenesis in the INK4aΔ2/3 Cancer-Prone Mouse
resolves10.1128/MCB.19.3.1864
Telomerase Activity Is Sufficient To Allow Transformed Cells To Escape from Crisis
resolves10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80108-7
Patterns and Emerging Mechanisms of the Angiogenic Switch during Tumorigenesis
resolves10.1093/carcin/17.6.1187
COMMENTARY: <i>p</i><sup>53</sup> Tumor suppressor gene: from the basic research laboratory to the clinic—an abridged historical perspective
resolves10.1126/science.278.5341.1305
Requirement for the CD95 Receptor-Ligand Pathway in c-Myc-Induced Apoptosis
resolves10.1091/mbc.6.11.1443
Programmed cell death by default in embryonic cells, fibroblasts, and cancer cells.
resolves10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80044-6
Cancer invasion and tissue remodeling: common themes in proteolytic matrix degradation
resolves10.1007/BF00046840
Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin supergene family and their role in malignant transformation and progression to metastatic disease
resolves10.1016/0092-8674(86)90320-X
v-erbA cooperates with sarcoma oncogenes in leukemic cell transformation
resolves10.1038/bjc.1972.33
Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics
resolves10.1038/362841a0
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo
resolves10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.004033
Chromosomal Translocations in Lymphoid Malignancies Reveal Novel Proto-Oncogenes
resolves10.1126/science.7761852
Inactivation of the Type II TGF-β Receptor in Colon Cancer Cells with Microsatellite Instability
resolves10.1038/20459
The tumour suppressor protein VHL targets hypoxia-inducible factors for oxygen-dependent proteolysis
resolves10.1038/349254a0
Progression from lymphoid hyperplasia to high-grade malignant lymphoma in mice transgenic for the t(14;18)
resolves10.1016/0092-8674(90)90155-8
TGF-β stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation: New mechanistic insights
resolves10.1038/6502
Reduced expression of neural cell adhesion molecule induces metastatic dissemination of pancreatic β tumor cells
resolves10.1038/25387
Genomic amplification of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand in lung and colon cancer
resolves10.1002/mc.2940070303
How many mutations are required for tumorigenesis? implications from human cancer data
resolves10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81902-9
Oncogenic ras Provokes Premature Cell Senescence Associated with Accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a
resolves10.1073/pnas.92.10.4562
Interferons alpha and beta down-regulate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in human carcinomas.
resolves10.1073/pnas.95.3.1050
Tumorigenic conversion of immortal human keratinocytes through stromal cell activation
resolves10.1126/science.3798106
Human Breast Cancer: Correlation of Relapse and Survival with Amplification of the HER-2/<i>neu</i>Oncogene
resolves10.1172/JCI6870
Matrix metalloproteinases in angiogenesis: a moving target for therapeutic intervention
resolves10.1038/348331a0
Novel primitive lymphoid tumours induced in transgenic mice by cooperation between myc and bcl-2
resolves10.1016/0092-8674(94)90534-7
p53-Dependent apoptosis suppresses tumor growth and progression in vivo
resolves10.1038/335440a0
Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells
resolves10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70109-5
Reconstitution of telomerase activity in normal human cells leads to elongation of telomeres and extended replicative life span
resolves10.1038/sj.onc.1200977
Sequential development of an angiogenic phenotype by human fibroblasts progressing to tumorigenicity
resolves10.1074/jbc.271.17.10079
The Degradation of Human Endothelial Cell-derived Perlecan and Release of Bound Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor by Stromelysin, Collagenase, Plasmin, and Heparanases
resolves10.1073/pnas.96.7.3723
Telomerase extends the lifespan of virus-transformed human cells without net telomere lengthening
resolves10.1038/ng0196-97
Germline mutations in the p16INK4a binding domain of CDK4 in familial melanoma
The 18 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedExtrinsic regulators of epithelial tumor progression
no DOI — not checkedAngiogenesis and apoptosis are cellular parameters of neoplastic progression in transgenic mouse models of tumorigenesis
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9_BIB6
no DOI — not checkedThe viral oncoprotein E1A blocks transforming growth factor β-mediated induction of p21/WAF1/Cip1 and p15/INK4B Mol
no DOI — not checkedGrowth factors
no DOI — not checkedNeural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in gastrointestinal neoplasias
no DOI — not checkedTwo MAD tails
no DOI — not checkedTumor angiogenesis
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9_BIB33
no DOI — not checkedResistance to inhibition of cell growth by transforming growth factor-β and its role in oncogenesis
no DOI — not checkedMortality and immortality at the cellular level. A review
no DOI — not checkedMutator phenotype may be required for multistep carcinogenesis
no DOI — not checkedControl of apoptosis in hematopoiesis and leukemia by cytokines, tumor suppressor and oncogenes
no DOI — not checkedThe role of p21-ras in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling
no DOI — not checkedCarcinoma-associated fibroblasts direct tumor progression of initiated human prostatic epithelium
no DOI — not checkedDPC4 gene in various tumor types
no DOI — not checkedp53-independent apoptosis during mammary tumor progression in C3(1)/SV40 large T antigen transgenic mice
no DOI — not checkedReversible cellular senescence
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