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Treatment of multiple sclerosis with Copolymer-1 (Copaxone®): implicating mechanisms of Th1 to Th2/Th3 immune-deviation
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63/63 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
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The 63 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/0022-510X(77)90220-9
Effect of a synthetic polypeptide (Cop 1) on patients with multiple sclerosis and with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
resolves10.1073/pnas.94.20.10821
Copolymer 1 induces T cells of the T helper type 2 that crossreact with myelin basic protein and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.137.1.137
Activated suppressor cell dysfunction in progressive multiple sclerosis.
resolves10.1007/BF00873696
New insights into the mechanism of action of copolymer 1 of action of copolymer 1 in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
resolves10.1007/BF00873697
The autoimmune reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in multiple sclerosis is potentially pathogenic: Effect of copolymer 1 on MOG-induced disease
resolves10.1056/NEJM198708133170703
A Pilot Trial of Cop 1 in Exacerbating–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
resolves10.1002/ana.410370404
The adhesion molecule and cytokine profile of multiple sclerosis lesions
resolves10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960915)45:6<735::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-V
IL-10 fails to abrogate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
resolves10.1002/eji.1830250830
Macrophages regulate induction of delayed‐type hypersensitivity and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL mice
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.325
TGF-β 2 decreases migration of lymphocytes in vitro and homing of cells into the central nervous system in vivo
resolves10.1084/jem.185.5.901
A T Helper Cell 2 (Th2) Immune Response against Non-self Antigens Modifies the Cytokine Profile of Autoimmune T Cells and Protects against Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
resolves10.1073/pnas.91.11.4872
Direct binding of myelin basic protein and synthetic copolymer 1 to class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on living antigen-presenting cells--specificity and promiscuity.
resolves10.1126/science.274.5295.2054
Late Complications of Immune Deviation Therapy in a Nonhuman Primate
resolves10.1002/ana.410380210
Circulating adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor receptor in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with magnetic resonance imaging
resolves10.1212/WNL.43.4.655
Interferon beta‐1b is effective in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
resolves10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb21153.x
<i>In Vivo</i> Administration of IL‐4 Induces TGF‐β‐producing Cells and Protects Animals from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.147.6.1792
Successful treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with transforming growth factor-beta 1
resolves10.1212/WNL.45.7.1268
Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
resolves10.1084/jem.180.6.2227
Reversal of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a soluble peptide variant of a myelin basic protein epitope: T cell receptor antagonism and reduction of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.
resolves10.1212/WNL.47.2.341
Treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis with the immunomodulator linomide
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.149.7.2496
Analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reveals that IL-10 mRNA expression correlates with recovery
resolves10.1073/pnas.88.7.2918
Protective effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 on experimental autoimmune diseases in mice.
resolves10.1084/jem.186.2.307
Myelin Basic Protein–specific T Helper 2 (Th2) Cells Cause Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Immunodeficient Hosts Rather than Protect Them from the Disease
resolves10.1084/jem.174.4.791
Antigen-driven bystander suppression after oral administration of antigens.
resolves10.1016/0165-5728(95)00085-G
Additive effects of copolymer-1 and interferon β-1b on the immune response to myelin basic protein
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.152.12.6003
Defective production of anti-inflammatory cytokine, TGF-beta by T cell lines of patients with active multiple sclerosis.
resolves10.1212/WNL.43.4.662
Interferon beta‐1b is effective in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
resolves10.1016/S0165-5728(96)00206-8
Comparison of the effects of oral versus intravenous methylprednisolone regimens on peripheral blood T lymphocyte adhesion molecule expression, T cell subsets distribution and TNF alpha concentrations in multiple sclerosis
resolves10.1002/ana.410130302
New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols
resolves10.1136/jnnp.61.3.251
Magnetic resonance imaging changes with recombinant human interferon-beta-1a: a short term study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.146.9.3012
Prevention and treatment of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by transforming growth factor-beta 1
resolves10.1016/0165-5728(92)90157-G
Copolymer-1-induced inhibition of antigen-specific T cell activation: interference with antigen presentation
resolves10.1084/jem.180.5.1961
Cytokine-induced immune deviation as a therapy for inflammatory autoimmune disease.
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.154.1.450
Retinoid treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. IL-4 production correlates with improved disease course.
resolves10.1212/WNL.44.12.2367
Serial analysis of circulating adhesion molecules and TNF receptor in serum from patients a with multinle sclerosis
resolves10.1016/0165-5728(95)00176-X
Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, induces immune deviation in patients with multiple sclerosis
resolves10.1056/NEJM199108153250704
Association between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Disease Progression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
resolves10.1016/0165-5728(93)90070-F
Increased levels of circulating ICAM-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis. Correlation with TNF-α and blood-brain barrier damage
resolves10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.001335
The Epigenetics of Multiple Sclerosis: Clues to Etiology and a Rationale for Immune Therapy
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.144.5.1629
Heterogeneity of mouse helper T cells. Evidence from bulk cultures and limiting dilution cloning for precursors of Th1 and Th2 cells.
resolves10.1073/pnas.89.1.137
Synthetic copolymer 1 inhibits human T-cell lines specific for myelin basic protein.
resolves10.1016/0165-5728(95)00180-8
Copolymer 1 inhibits chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides in mice and interferes with PLP-specific T cell responses
resolves10.1016/0165-5728(91)90031-2
Serum cytokine levels in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: interleukin-2 levels parallel tumor necrosis factor-α levels
resolves10.1016/S0165-5728(96)00110-5
Macrophage phagocytosis of myelin in vitro determined by flow cytometry: phagocytosis is mediated by CR3 and induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide
resolves10.1016/0165-5728(93)90194-4
Encephalitogenic Th1 cells are inhibited by Th2 cells with related peptide specificity: Relative roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10
resolves10.1038/nm1096-1109
Treatment of multiple sclerosis with T–cell receptor peptides: Results of a double–blind pilot trial
resolves10.3109/08916939309043888
T Helper 1 (TH1) Functional Phenotype of Human Myelin Basic Protein-Specific T Lymphocytes
resolves10.1038/nm0896-899
Suppressive vaccination with DNA encoding a variable region gene of the T–cell receptor prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis and activates Th2 immunity
resolves10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01053-0
Oral tolerance: immune mechanisms and treatment of autoimmune diseases
resolves10.1111/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00855.x
Lymphocyte Targeting of the Central Nervous System: A Review of Afferent and Efferent CNS‐Immune Pathways
The 1 reference without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedResults of phase III trial of intramuscular recombinant beta interferon as treatment of multiple sclerosis
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