Reference health
Environmental Determinants of the Reinforcing Effects of Nicotine in Humans
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18/18 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-09
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
12 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 18 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/0091-3057(83)90410-0
Interrelationships between behavior and pharmacology as factors determining the effects of nicotine
resolves10.1126/science.7291998
Persistent Behavior at High Rates Maintained by Intravenous Self-Administration of Nicotine
resolves10.1016/S0022-3565(25)23602-3
Human coffee drinking: reinforcing and physical dependence producing effects of caffeine.
resolves10.1016/S0022-3565(25)23880-0
Instructions control whether nicotine will serve as a reinforcer.
resolves10.1016/0091-3057(89)90366-3
Smoking history, instructions and the effects of nicotine: Two pilot studies
resolves10.1901/jeab.1968.11-819
SCHEDULES USING NOXIOUS STIMULI. III. RESPONDING MAINTAINED WITH RESPONSE‐PRODUCED ELECTRIC SHOCKS<sup>1</sup>
resolves10.1126/science.109920
Behavior Maintained by Termination of a Schedule of Self-Administered Cocaine
resolves10.1016/S0022-3565(25)33347-1
Maintenance of schedule-controlled behavior by intravenous injections of nicotine in squirrel monkeys.
resolves10.1037/h0022588
Susceptibility to readdiction as a function of the addiction and withdrawal environments.
The 12 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedModification of the behavioral effects of drugs by environmental variables
no DOI — not checkedA drug preference procedure for use with human volunteers
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0899-3289(18)30007-5_bib5
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0899-3289(18)30007-5_bib6
no DOI — not checkedSimilarities in human and animal drug taking behavior
no DOI — not checkedHuman studies of drugs as reinforcers
no DOI — not checkedIdentification of the dependent smoker. Validity and clinical utility
no DOI — not checkedHughes, J.R. (1987, June). Chronic self-administration of nicotine and placebo gum. Paper presented at annual meeting of the International Study Group Investigating Drugs as Reinforcers, Philadelphia, PA.
no DOI — not checkedHughes, J.R., Gulliver, S., Amori, G., Mireault, G., & Fenwick, J. (in press). Effect of instructions and nicotine on smoking cessation, withdrawal symptoms and self-administration of nicotine gum use. Psychopharmacology.
no DOI — not checkedCognitive processes in alcoholics: Expectancy and the balanced placebo design
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S0899-3289(18)30007-5_bib28
no DOI — not checkedHistory of drug exposure as a determinant of drug self-administration
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
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