Reference health
Patient factors and temporal trends associated with COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in England: an observational study using administrative data
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24/24 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-09
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
5 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 24 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1001/jama.2020.6775
Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area
resolves10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3539
Risk Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units in Lombardy, Italy
resolves10.1186/s13613-020-00706-3
Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a large cohort study
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31189-2
Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study
resolves10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15922.2
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data
resolves10.1056/NEJMsa2011686
Hospitalization and Mortality among Black Patients and White Patients with Covid-19
resolves10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30316-7
Case characteristics, resource use, and outcomes of 10 021 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30668-8
Development and validation of a Hospital Frailty Risk Score focusing on older people in acute care settings using electronic hospital records: an observational study
resolves10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8
A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation
resolves10.1093/aje/kwq433
Updating and Validating the Charlson Comorbidity Index and Score for Risk Adjustment in Hospital Discharge Abstracts Using Data From 6 Countries
resolves10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043
Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus
resolves10.1128/JVI.00510-20
Human Leukocyte Antigen Susceptibility Map for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
resolves10.1186/s12916-020-01640-8
Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective cohort study using UK Biobank
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31102-8
Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19
resolves10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040402
Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19, and comparison to risk factors for influenza and pneumonia: results from a UK Biobank prospective cohort study
resolves10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30285-0
Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study
resolves10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100574
A case-control and cohort study to determine the relationship between ethnic background and severe COVID-19
resolves10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.029
Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis
resolves10.1186/s13054-020-02902-w
Clinical determinants for fatality of 44,672 patients with COVID-19
resolves10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3596
Factors Associated With Death in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the US
resolves10.1038/s41467-020-19478-2
Collider bias undermines our understanding of COVID-19 disease risk and severity
The 5 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedClinical characteristics and predictors of outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a multi-ethnic London NHS Trust: a retrospective cohort study
no DOI — not checkedTrends in intensive care for patients with COVID-19 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
no DOI — not checkedIs ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?
no DOI — not checked10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30579-8_bib27
no DOI — not checkedFeatures of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study
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