Reference health
Polarized Political Communication, Oppositional Media Hostility, and Selective Exposure
24/24 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
16 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 24 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1177/107769900308000203
An Experimental Investigation of News Source and the Hostile Media Effect
resolves10.1561/100.00007010
In the Eye of the Beholder: How Information Shortcuts Shape Individual Perceptions of Bias in the Media
resolves10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x
A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication
resolves10.1080/10584600290109988
Hostile Media Perceptions: Partisan Assessments of Press and Public during the 1997 United Parcel Service Strike
resolves10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00381.x
Hostile News: Partisan Use and Perceptions of Cable News Programming
resolves10.2307/2585932
Partisan Cues and the Media: Information Flows in the 1992 Presidential Election
resolves10.1080/10584609.2010.544280
The Friendly Media Phenomenon: A Cross-National Analysis of Cross-Cutting Exposure
resolves10.1086/322846
Congenial Public, Contrary Press, and Biased Estimates of the Climate of Opinion
resolves10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01470.x
A New Era of Minimal Effects? A Response to Bennett and Iyengar
resolves10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x
Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use
resolves10.1007/s11109-009-9097-x
The Neglected Power of Elite Opinion Leadership to Produce Antipathy Toward the News Media: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
resolves10.1207/s15506878jobem4901_4
The Liberal Media Myth Revisited: An Examination of Factors Influencing Perceptions of Media Bias
resolves10.1007/s10488-009-0224-0
Preference in Random Assignment: Implications for the Interpretation of Randomized Trials
resolves10.1177/009365089016002004
Ego-Involvement and the Third Person Effect of Televised News Coverage
resolves10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9
Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure
resolves10.1136/bmj.316.7128.360
Understanding controlled trials: What is a patient preference trial?
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.49.3.577
The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre.
The 16 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedWhat Liberal Media? The Truth about BIAS and the News
no DOI — not checkedPetty
no DOI — not checkedThe Nature and Sources of News
no DOI — not checkedBias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News
no DOI — not checkedThe Market and the Media
no DOI — not checkedHandbook of Social Psychology, ed. Gardner Lindzey
no DOI — not checkedCappella
no DOI — not checkedThe Effects of Mass Media
no DOI — not checkedn.d. Why Americans Distrust the News Media and How it Matters
no DOI — not checkedPropaganda Technique in the World War
no DOI — not checkedThe Fox News Factor
no DOI — not checkedAverage U.S. Home Now Receives a Record 118.6 TV Channels
no DOI — not checkedThe Measurement of Meaning
no DOI — not checkedPress Accuracy Rating Hits Two Decade Low, Public Evaluations of the News Media: 1985–2009
no DOI — not checkedPost-Broadcast Democracy: How Media Choice Increases Inequality in Political Involvement and Polarizes Elections
no DOI — not checkedNational ADS and Wired-Cable Penetration Trends
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-03 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1017/s002238161100123x"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1017/s002238161100123x/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1017/s002238161100123x)