Reference health
Efficacy and Selectivity of Monovalent and Bivalent Vaccination Strategies to Protect against Exposure to Carfentanil, Fentanyl, and Their Mixtures in Rats
44/44 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
7 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 44 checked references that resolve
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Use Behaviors, Fentanyl Exposure, and Harm Reduction Service Support among People Who Use Drugs in Rural Settings
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Carfentanil toxicity in the African green monkey: Therapeutic efficacy of naloxone
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Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review
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Noradrenergic Mechanisms in Fentanyl-Mediated Rapid Death Explain Failure of Naloxone in the Opioid Crisis
resolves10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00837
Developing Translational Vaccines against Heroin and Fentanyl through Investigation of Adjuvants and Stability
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A Fentanyl Vaccine Alters Fentanyl Distribution and Protects against Fentanyl-Induced Effects in Mice and Rats
resolves10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01042
Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines to Counteract Fentanyl Use Disorders and Toxicity
resolves10.1021/acschembio.6b00977
An Advance in Prescription Opioid Vaccines: Overdose Mortality Reduction and Extraordinary Alteration of Drug Half-Life
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0184876
Safety and efficacy of an oxycodone vaccine: Addressing some of the unique considerations posed by opioid abuse
resolves10.1124/jpet.117.247049
Opioid Dose- and Route-Dependent Efficacy of Oxycodone and Heroin Vaccines in Rats
resolves10.1021/acschembio.1c00026
A Highly Efficacious Carfentanil Vaccine That Blunts Opioid-Induced Antinociception and Respiratory Depression
resolves10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00064
Evaluation of a Dual Fentanyl/Heroin Vaccine on the Antinociceptive and Reinforcing Effects of a Fentanyl/Heroin Mixture in Male and Female Rats
resolves10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.101
Co-administration of morphine and oxycodone vaccines reduces the distribution of 6-monoacetylmorphine and oxycodone to brain in rats
resolves10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116225
Improvements on a chemically contiguous hapten for a vaccine to address fentanyl-contaminated heroin
resolves10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00179
Bivalent Conjugate Vaccine Induces Dual Immunogenic Response That Attenuates Heroin and Fentanyl Effects in Mice
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Vaccination against nicotine alters the distribution of nicotine delivered via cigarette smoke inhalation to rats
resolves10.1016/S1567-5769(03)00094-8
Tissue-dependent effects of immunization with a nicotine conjugate vaccine on the distribution of nicotine in rats
resolves10.4161/hv.26109
Protein carriers of conjugate vaccines: Characteristics, development and clinical trials
resolves10.1124/jpet.111.189506
An Oxycodone Conjugate Vaccine Elicits Drug-Specific Antibodies that Reduce Oxycodone Distribution to Brain and Hot-Plate Analgesia
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.1500385
The Frequency of Naive and Early-Activated Hapten-Specific B Cell Subsets Dictates the Efficacy of a Therapeutic Vaccine against Prescription Opioid Abuse
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Selection of a Novel Anti-Nicotine Vaccine: Influence of Antigen Design on Antibody Function in Mice
resolves10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.051
Increased efficacy of a trivalent nicotine vaccine compared to a dose-matched monovalent vaccine when formulated with alum
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Construction of an enantiopure bivalent nicotine vaccine using synthetic peptides
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Formulation and Characterization of Conjugate Vaccines to Reduce Opioid Use Disorders Suitable for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Clinical Evaluation
resolves10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.002
Evidence for nonlinear accumulation of the ultrapotent fentanyl analog, carfentanil, after systemic administration to male rats
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Discriminative stimulus effects of carfentanil in rats discriminating fentanyl: Differential antagonism by naltrexone
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Selective Effects of a Morphine Conjugate Vaccine on Heroin and Metabolite Distribution and Heroin-Induced Behaviors in Rats
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Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of antibodies generated by a vaccine to treat oxycodone use disorder
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Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscularly administered etorphine and carfentanil in goats
The 7 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Drug Overdose Deaths in the U.S. Top 100,000 Annually, Nov 17, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2021/20211117.htm (accessed Dec 7, 2021).
no DOI — not checkedCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Increase in Fatal Drug Overdoses Across the United States Driven by Synthetic Opioids Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Dec 17, 2020. https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00438.asp
no DOI — not checkedWHO. Carfentanil Critical Review Report, November 2017. https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/Critical_Review_Carfentanil.pdf
no DOI — not checkedU.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug Scheduling. https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/drug-scheduling (accessed March 17, 2022).
no DOI — not checkedWHO. Opioid overdose, Aug 4, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose.
no DOI — not checkedref27/cit27
no DOI — not checkedScaled up synthesis: salts of carfentanil and remifentanil
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