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Urinary Biomonitoring of Phosphate Flame Retardants: Levels in California Adults and Recommendations for Future Studies

https://doi.org/10.1021/es503445c
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27/27 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 27 checked references that resolve
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Elevated House Dust and Serum Concentrations of PBDEs in California: Unintended Consequences of Furniture Flammability Standards?
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After the PBDE Phase-Out: A Broad Suite of Flame Retardants in Repeat House Dust Samples from California
resolves10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.067
Phosphorus flame retardants: Properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis
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House Dust Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Relation to Hormone Levels and Semen Quality Parameters
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Aryl Phosphate Esters Within a Major PentaBDE Replacement Product Induce Cardiotoxicity in Developing Zebrafish Embryos: Potential Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
resolves10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.004
In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors
resolves10.1016/S0300-483X(98)00057-2
A dietary toxicity/oncogenicity study of tributyl phosphate in the rat1This work was sponsored by the Tributyl Phosphate Task Force of the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association (SOCMA) Inc., Washington, DC. Members of the Task Force included Akzo Nobel Chemicals, Inc., Bayer Corporation, FMC Corporation and Solutia (formerly Monsanto Company). This work was presented in part at the 1997 (Cincinnati, OH) Society of Toxicology Meeting (Weiner et al., Toxicologist 36, 174).1
resolves10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00629.x
Association between indoor exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds and building-related symptoms among the occupants of residential dwellings
resolves10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.011
Dicationic ion-pairing of phosphoric acid diesters post-liquid chromatography and subsequent determination by electrospray positive ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
resolves10.1002/jps.2600831119
Tris(2‐chloroethyl) Phosphate Pharmacokinetics in the Fischer 344 Rat: A Comparison of Conventional Methods andin VivoMicrodialysis Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
resolves10.1007/s00216-011-5294-7
Analysis of the flame retardant metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
resolves10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.004
Predictors of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate metabolite in the urine of office workers
resolves10.1289/ehp.1205907
Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Flame Retardants: Temporal Variability and Correlations with House Dust Concentrations
resolves10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.042
Analysis of organophosphate flame retardant diester metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry
resolves10.1021/es100159c
Semivolatile Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Paired Indoor and Outdoor Air in Two Northern California Communities
resolves10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.030
Determination of human urinary organophosphate flame retardant metabolites by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
resolves10.1007/s00216-009-3064-6
Quantification of two urinary metabolites of organophosphorus flame retardants by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
resolves10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.012
First insights in the metabolism of phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers using human liver fractions
resolves10.1021/es071301c
Evaluation of Statistical Treatments of Left-Censored Environmental Data using Coincident Uncensored Data Sets: I. Summary Statistics
resolves10.1021/es0608444
Estimating Correlation with Multiply Censored Data Arising from the Adjustment of Singly Censored Data
resolves10.1289/ehp.7337
Urinary Creatinine Concentrations in the U.S. Population: Implications for Urinary Biologic Monitoring Measurements
resolves10.1021/es100697q
Relationships between Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Concentrations in House Dust and Serum
resolves10.1021/es203314e
Impact of Dust from Multiple Microenvironments and Diet on PentaBDE Body Burden
resolves10.1038/sj.jes.7500572
Exposure of Americans to polybrominated diphenyl ethers
resolves10.1007/BF00364847
Isolation and identification of metabolites of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate in rats
resolves10.1021/es400032v
Investigating a Novel Flame Retardant Known as V6: Measurements in Baby Products, House Dust, and Car Dust
resolves10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.032
Determination of 14 monoalkyl phosphates, dialkyl phosphates and dialkyl thiophosphates by LC-MS/MS in human urinary samples
The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedState of California,Technical Bulletin 117: Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Flame Retardance of Resilient Filling Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture. In Department of Consumer Affairs, B. o. H. F. a. T. I., Ed.North Highlands, CA, 2000.
no DOI — not checkedState of California,Technical Bulletin 117-2013: Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Smolder Resistance of Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture. In Department of Consumer Affairs, B. o. H. F. a. T. I., Ed.Sacramento, CA,2013.
no DOI — not checkedCalifornia Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Proposition 65.http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65.html(accessed Sept 30, 2014).
no DOI — not checkedATSDR Toxicological Profile for Phosphate Ester Flame Retardants;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: 2012.
no DOI — not checkedOpinion on tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) in Toys
no DOI — not checkedFlame retardants: tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts
no DOI — not checkedCooper, E. M.; Stapleton, H. M.Metabolism of organophosphate flame retardants by human liver microsomes and porcine esterase. InSETAC North America 32nd Annual Meeting,Boston, MA, 2011.
no DOI — not checkedFlame retardants: tris(chloropropyl)phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria 209
no DOI — not checkedTriphenyl phosphate and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria 111
no DOI — not checkedTri-n-butyl phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria 112
no DOI — not checkedref25/cit25
no DOI — not checkedNondetects and data analysis: Statistics for censtored environmental data
no DOI — not checkedEuropean Union Risk Assessment Report. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, TCEP. CAS 115-96-8; EINECS 204-118-5
no DOI — not checkedCPSC Staff Preliminary Risk Assessment of Flame Retardant (FR) Chemicals in Upholstered Furniture Foam
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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