Reference health
Factors related to tree growth across urban-rural gradients in the Midwest, USA
5/5 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
22 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 5 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1080/03071375.1988.9756382
ROADSIDE TREES IN HAMBURG—THEIR PRESENT SITUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND THEIR FUTURE CHANCE FOR RECOVERY
resolves10.1016/0169-2046(86)90035-6
Correlations between urban tree crown cover and total population in eight U.S. cities
resolves10.3368/lj.8.1.13
Using Structural Measures to Compare Twenty-Two U.S. Street Tree Populations
resolves10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400030019x
Soil Characteristics of Oak Stands along an Urban‐Rural Land‐Use Gradient
The 22 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBerrang, P., Karnosky, D.F. and Stanton, B.J. (1985) Environmental factors affecting tree health in New York. J. Arboric.
11, 185-189.
no DOI — not checkedBlake, G.R. and Hartge, K.H. (1986) Core method. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1—Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd edn. (A. Klute, ed.), pp. 363-376. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
no DOI — not checkedClose, R.E., Nguyen, P.V. and Kielbaso, J.J. (1996) Urban vs. natural sugar maple growth: stress symptoms and phenology in relation to site characteristics. J. Arboric.
22, 144-150.
no DOI — not checkedCook, E.R. (1987) The decomposition of tree-ring series for environmental studies. Tree Ring Bulletin
47, 37-59.
no DOI — not checkedCraul, P.J. (1985) A description of urban soils and their desired characteristics. J. Arboric.
11, 46-55.
no DOI — not checkedDyer, S.M. and Mader, D.L. (1986) Declined urban sugar maples: growth patterns, nutritional status and site factors. J. Arboric.
12, 6-13.
no DOI — not checkedFostad, O. and Petersen, P.A. (1997) Vitality, variation, and causes of decline of trees in Oslo center (Norway). J. Arboric.
23, 155-165.
no DOI — not checkedIakovoglou, V. (2001) Trees examined along a rural-urban gradient and by local land use in the Midwest U.S.: an investigation of factors related to tree growth. M.S. Thesis, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
no DOI — not checkedIakovoglou, V., Thompson, J. and Burras, L. (2002) Characteristics of trees according to community population level and by land use in the U.S. Midwest. J. Arboric.
28, 59-69.
no DOI — not checkedKjelgren, R.K. and Clark, J.R. (1992) Microclimates and tree growth in three urban spaces. J. Environ. Hort.
10, 139-145.
no DOI — not checkedMallett, K.I. and Volney, W.J.A. (1999) The effect of Armillaria root disease on lodgepole pine tree growth. Can. J. For.
29, 252-259.
no DOI — not checkedNowak, D.J. and McBride, J.R. (1991) Comparison of Monterey pine stress in urban and natural forests. J. Environ. Management
32, 383-395.
no DOI — not checkedPhipps, R.L. (1985) Collecting, Preparing, Crossdating, and Measuring Tree Increment Cores. Water Resource Investigation Report 85-4148. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
no DOI — not checkedPreston, R.J., Jr. (1989) North American Trees, 4th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
no DOI — not checkedRhoades, J.D. (1996) Salinity: electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods (D. Sparks and A. Page, eds.), pp. 417-436. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
no DOI — not checkedRhoades, R.W. and Stipes, R.J. (1999) Growth of trees on the Virginia Tech campus in response to various factors. J. Arboric.
25, 211-215.
no DOI — not checkedRichards, N.A. (1992) Optimum stocking of urban trees. J. Arboric.
18, 64-68.
no DOI — not checkedRuark, G.A., Mader, D.L., Veneman, P.L.M. and Tattar, T.A. (1983) Soil factors related to urban sugar maple decline. J. Arboric.
9, 1-6.
no DOI — not checkedSAS Institute, Inc. (1996) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Release 6.12, Cary, NC.
no DOI — not checkedThomas, G.W. (1996) Soil pH and soil acidity. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3—Chemical Methods (D. Sparks and A. Page, eds.), pp. 475-490. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
no DOI — not checkedVrecenak, A.J., Vodak, M.C. and Fleming, L.E. (1989) The influence of site factors on the growth of urban trees. J. Arboric.
15, 206-209.
no DOI — not checkedWhitlow, T.H. and Bassuk, N.L. (1987) Trees in difficult sites. J. Arboric.
13, 10-17.
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