Reference health
An overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation
170/170 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
30 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 170 checked references that resolve
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Long-term coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic
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The “great salinity anomaly” in the Northern North Atlantic 1968–1982
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The Arctic Ocean Response to the North Atlantic Oscillation
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Mechanism of Interannual to Decadal Variability of the North Atlantic Circulation
resolves10.1029/1999GL010893
Global tropical cyclone activity: A link to the North Atlantic Oscillation
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Changes in the rates of North Atlantic major hurricane activity during the 20th century
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Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability and its relation to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
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A Comparison of Intermonthly and Interannual Teleconnections in the 700 mb Geopotential Height Field during the Northern Hemisphere Winter
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Stochastic climate models, Part II Application to sea-surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability
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A Simple Model of the Decadal Response of the Ocean to Stochastic Wind Forcing*
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Implications of changes in the northern hemisphere circulation for the detection of anthropogenic climate change
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A Model of Decadal Middle-Latitude Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Modes
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Changing lower stratospheric circulation: The role of ozone and greenhouse gases
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2440:ALTODB>2.0.CO;2
A Linear Thermohaline Oscillator Driven by Stochastic Atmospheric Forcing
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A Decadal Climate Cycle in the North Atlantic Ocean as Simulated by the ECHO Coupled GCM
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Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change?
resolves10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0651:OTCOED>2.0.CO;2
On the “Downward Control” of Extratropical Diabatic Circulations by Eddy-Induced Mean Zonal Forces
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Climate fluctuations and the spring invasion of the North Sea by <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i>
resolves10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199908)19:10<1119::AID-JOC414>3.0.CO;2-7
A wavelet characterization of the North Atlantic oscillation variation and its relationship to the North Atlantic sea surface temperature
resolves10.1029/1999GL010944
Evidence for a recent change in the link between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Sea ice export
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0687:QDSFIT>2.0.CO;2
Quasi-decadal Salinity Fluctuations in the Labrador Sea*
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Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation
resolves10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2286:TEFOTR>2.0.CO;2
Transient Eddy Forcing of the Rotational Flow during Northern Winter
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Influence of variations in extratropical wintertime teleconnections on northern hemisphere temperature
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2222:SVSEOA>2.0.CO;2
Satellite versus Surface Estimates of Air Temperature since 1979
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DECADAL VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE ASSOCIATED WITH THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION
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Spatial Structure of Ultra‐Low‐Frequency Variability of the Flow In A Simple Atmospheric Circulation Model
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A Theory of Interdecadal Climate Variability of the North Pacific Ocean–Atmosphere System*
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Extension to the North Atlantic oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from Gibraltar and south-west Iceland
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THE SPATIAL RESPONSE OF THE CLIMATE SYSTEM TO EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
resolves10.1007/978-1-935704-10-2_11
Interannual and Intraseasonal Variability in the Southern Hemisphere
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Interannual variability in the stratospheric‐tropospheric circulation in a Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere GCM
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<0917:RSSTVD>2.0.CO;2
Remote Sea Surface Temperature Variations during ENSO: Evidence for a Tropical Atmospheric Bridge
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Influence of volcanic eruptions on the troposphere through stratospheric dynamical processes in the northern hemisphere winter
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Interannual Variability of the Winter Stratosphere and Troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere
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Formation and Propagation of Temperature Anomalies along the North Atlantic Current*
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Interdecadal Variations in North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature and Associated Atmospheric Conditions
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Equilibrium Atmospheric Response to North Atlantic SST Anomalies
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The Recent Increase in North Atlantic Wave Heights*
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Atmospheric GCM Response to Extratropical SST Anomalies: Synthesis and Evaluation*
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LARGE-SCALE FEATURES OF MONTHLY MEAN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE ANOMALY MAPS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE
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Decadal Climate Variability over the North Pacific and North America: Dynamics and Predictability
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The Standard Error of Time-Average Estimates of Climatic Means
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SEASONAL AND IRREGULAR VARIATIONS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE PROFILE
resolves10.1029/2001GL014052
The changing relationship between the NAO and northern hemisphere climate variability
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Constraints on the temperature sensitivity of global soil respiration from the observed interannual variability in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>
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Estimates of the Natural Variability of Time-Averaged Sea-Level Pressure
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Low-Frequency Variability of Surface Air Temperature in a 1000-Year Integration of a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Land Surface Model
resolves10.1029/1999GL900070
Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations
resolves10.1029/1999GL002381
Oceanic influence on the North Atlantic Oscillation and associated northern hemisphere climate variations: 1959–1993
resolves10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1237:WRRAQS>2.0.CO;2
Weather Regimes: Recurrence and Quasi Stationarity
resolves10.1029/1999GL011111
A regime view of northern hemisphere atmospheric variability and change under global warming
resolves10.1029/2000GL012069
The preferred structure of variability of the northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation
resolves10.1002/joc.3370070104
Characteristics and frequency of reversals in mean sea level pressure in the north Atlantic sector and their relationship to long‐term temperature trends
resolves10.1007/BF00864700
Year-to-Year and interdecadal variability in the activity of intraseasonal fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation
resolves10.1175/1520-0469(1950)007<0130:TICAIR>2.0.CO;2
THE INDEX CYCLE AND ITS ROLE IN THE GENERAL CIRCULATION
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0699:SEITEO>2.0.CO;2
Sampling Errors in the Estimation of Empirical Orthogonal Functions
resolves10.1007/s003820050310
Evaluation of the North Atlantic Oscillation as simulated by a coupled climate model
resolves10.4319/lo.2001.46.7.1774
Atlantic climate governs oceanographic and ecological variability in the Barents Sea
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<0575:ANDPOC>2.0.CO;2
A Nonlinear Dynamical Perspective on Climate Prediction
resolves10.1256/smsqj.47002
A modelling and observational study of the relationship between sea surface temperature in the north-west Atlantic and the atmospheric general circulation
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1393:MDTART>2.0.CO;2
Mechanisms Determining the Atmospheric Response to Midlatitude SST Anomalies
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0137:TDBEAM>2.0.CO;2
The Differences between Early and Midwinter Atmospheric Responses to Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Northwest Atlantic
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0971:TMARTM>2.0.CO;2
The Modeled Atmospheric Response to Midlatitude SST Anomalies and Its Dependence on Background Circulation States
resolves10.1029/2001GL014043
North Atlantic SST Forcing of the NAO and Relationships with Intrinsic Hemispheric Variability
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2281:TSCBTA>2.0.CO;2
The Statistical Connection between Tropospheric and Stratospheric Circulation of the Northern Hemisphere in Winter
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2069:SOTNAO>2.0.CO;2
Seasonality of the North Atlantic Oscillation
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The Association between ENSO and Winter Atmospheric Circulation and Temperature in the North Atlantic Region
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1467:COTAAA>2.0.CO;2
Cooling of the Arctic and Antarctic Polar Stratospheres due to Ozone Depletion
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The Influence of Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the North Atlantic Oscillation*
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Review of WETS—The Workshop on Extra–Tropical SST anomalies
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Oceanic forcing of the wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation and European climate
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Spatial Variability of Seasonal Sea Level Pressure and 500 mb Height Anomalies
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1999:TABTNA>2.0.CO;2
The Association between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1990)003<1364:POLFMS>2.0.CO;2
Patterns of Low-Frequency Monthly Sea Level Pressure Variability (1899–1986) and Associated Wave Cyclone Frequencies
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1635:NASTVA>2.0.CO;2
North Atlantic Storm Track Variability and Its Association to the North Atlantic Oscillation and Climate Variability of Northern Europe
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Interaction between Tropical Atlantic Variability and El Niño–Southern Oscillation
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2299:SASRII>2.0.CO;2
Stochasticity and Spatial Resonance in Interdecadal Climate Fluctuations
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<0165:AOAIAA>2.0.CO;2
Advective Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction: An Analytical Stochastic Model with Implications for Decadal Variability
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Decadal Variability and Predictability in the Midlatitude Ocean–Atmosphere System
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resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2845:COAOCV>2.0.CO;2
Causes of Atlantic Ocean Climate Variability between 1958 and 1998*
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0453:ILCACF>2.0.CO;2
Icelandic Low Cyclone Activity: Climatological Features, Linkages with the NAO, and Relationships with Recent Changes in the Northern Hemisphere Circulation
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Northern hemisphere winter climate response to greenhouse gas, ozone, solar, and volcanic forcing
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The North Atlantic Oscillation and its relationship with near surface temperature
resolves10.1002/joc.611
Instrumental pressure observations and atmospheric circulation from the 17th and 18th centuries: London and Paris
resolves10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200001)20:1<1::AID-JOC456>3.0.CO;2-P
Is the North Atlantic Oscillation a random walk?
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Report of RMS Discussion Meeting 21 June 2000: “Some aspects of the general circulation of the atmosphere” ‐ Presidential Address
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The Arctic oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields
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Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part I: Month-to-Month Variability*
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1018:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2
Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part II: Trends
resolves10.1175/1520-0442-11.8.1906
Northern Hemispheric Interdecadal Variability: A Coupled Air–Sea Mode
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2239:DOTEAM>2.0.CO;2
Dynamics of the Early and Middle Winter Atmospheric Responses to the Northwest Atlantic SST Anomalies
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0326:SVNITS>2.0.CO;2
Signal Versus Noise in the Southern Oscillation
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0855:TNHSLP>2.0.CO;2
The Northern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure Data Set: Trends, Errors and Discontinuities
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<1169:CPOVOS>2.0.CO;2
Characteristic Patterns of Variability of Sea Level Pressure in the Northern Hemisphere
resolves10.1029/97JC01444
Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures
resolves10.1007/s003820050299
A shift of the NAO and increasing storm track activity over Europe due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing
resolves10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<0687:IVOMMS>2.0.CO;2
Interannual Variations of Mean Monthly Sea-Level Pressure in January
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<0365:TCBTOM>2.0.CO;2
The Connection Between Trends of Mean Temperature and Circulation at the Surface: Part I. Winter
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The Atmospheric Response over the North Atlantic to Decadal Changes in Sea Surface Temperature
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An ocean model's response to North Atlantic Oscillation‐like wind forcing
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Interpretation of Winter Warming on Northern Hemisphere Continents in 1977–94
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Structure and Seasonality of Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of the Geopotential Height and Temperature Fields in the Northern Hemisphere Troposphere
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Relative Impacts of Snow and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on an Extreme Phase in the Winter Atmospheric Circulation
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Decadal Changes in the Atmospheric Circulation and Associated Surface Climate Variations in the Northern Hemisphere Winter
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On the role of ocean‐atmosphere interaction in midlatitude interdecadal variability
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The Interpretation of Short Climate Records, with Comments on the North Atlantic and Southern Oscillations
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no DOI — not checkedMulti-proxy reconstructions of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index: A critical review and a new well-verified winter index reconstruction back to AD 1400
no DOI — not checkedProjections of future climate change
no DOI — not checkedThe role of Atlantic ocean-atmosphere coupling in affecting North Atlantic Oscillation variability
no DOI — not checkedThe response of marine ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation
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no DOI — not checkedChanges in the glacier area in the Austrian Alps between 1973 and 1992 derived from LANDSAT data
no DOI — not checkedClimate change and the North Atlantic Oscillation
no DOI — not checkedNorthern Hemisphere tropospheric midlatitude circulation after violent volcanic eruptions
no DOI — not checkedRecent trends in the mass balance of glaciers in Scandinavia and Svalbard
no DOI — not checkedA change in the summer atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic
no DOI — not checkedClimatic variability over the North Atlantic. Meteorology at the Millennium
no DOI — not checkedThe relationship between tropical Atlantic rainfall and the summer circulation over the North Atlantic
no DOI — not checkedPressure-based measures of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO): A comparison and an assessment of changes in the strength of the NAO and in its influence on surface climate parameters
no DOI — not checkedPacific North American pattern
no DOI — not checkedBritish Isles weather types and a register of the daily sequence of circulation patterns
no DOI — not checkedImpact of individual El Niño events on the North Atlantic European region
no DOI — not checkedThe response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation
no DOI — not checkedThe winter North Atlantic oscillation: roles of internal variability and greenhouse gas forcing
no DOI — not checkedOn the predictability of North Atlantic climate
no DOI — not checkedNatural and human influences on Central England temperature
no DOI — not checkedThe history of scientific research on the North Atlantic Oscillation
no DOI — not checkedThe response of freshwater ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation
no DOI — not checkedInfluence of the ocean on North Atlantic climate variability 1871-1999
no DOI — not checkedAtmospheric processes governing the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode/North Atlantic Oscillation
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