Reference health

Causes of twentieth-century temperature change near the Earth's surface

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26/26 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-17

Every reference with a DOI or an arXiv id in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

2 with no DOI or arXiv id: not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is checked only when it names an arXiv id, under that id’s DataCite DOI. The rest are never matched by title or guessed at; they stay outside the checked set, and this line says so.

The 26 checked references that resolve
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Interdecadal changes of surface temperature since the late nineteenth century
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Model assessment of the role of natural variability in recent global warming
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A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere
resolves10.1126/science.274.5290.1170
Human Influence on the Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Structure: Detection and Observations
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Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change
resolves10.1007/s003820050155
The second Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM: model description, spinup and validation
resolves10.1007/s003820050168
Global and regional variability in a coupled AOGCM
resolves10.1038/376501a0
Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0245:OMOGWB>2.0.CO;2
On Modification of Global Warming by Sulfate Aerosols
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2364:OSTGGA>2.0.CO;2
On Surface Temperature, Greenhouse Gases, and Aerosols: Models and Observations
resolves10.1007/BF00058134
A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle
resolves10.1016/0004-6981(74)90004-3
Pollution and the planetary albedo
resolves10.1126/science.245.4923.1227
Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness
resolves10.1029/93JD02553
Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850–1990
resolves10.1029/93JA01944
A discussion of plausible solar irradiance variations, 1700‐1992
resolves10.1126/science.277.5334.1963
Total Solar Irradiance Trend During Solar Cycles 21 and 22
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<3282:SDDOCC>2.0.CO;2
Scale-Dependent Detection of Climate Change
resolves10.1029/97GL01163
Transient response of a coupled model to estimated changes in greenhouse gas and sulfate concentrations
resolves10.1029/97GL00248
Linear additivity of climate response for combined albedo and greenhouse perturbations
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1957:OFFTDO>2.0.CO;2
Optimal Fingerprints for the Detection of Time-dependent Climate Change
resolves10.1007/s003820050185
Multi-pattern fingerprint method for detection and attribution of climate change
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0401:DOFCSP>2.0.CO;2
Detection of Forced Climate Signals. Part 1: Filter Theory
resolves10.1007/s003820050291
Checking for model consistency in optimal fingerprinting
resolves10.1029/95GL03093
Reconstruction of solar irradiance since 1610: Implications for climate change
resolves10.1126/science.272.5264.981
The Impact of Solar Variability on Climate
resolves10.1038/370544a0
The role of stratospheric ozone in modulating the solar radiative forcing of climate
The 2 references with no DOI or arXiv id, listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedShine, K. P., Fouquart, Y., Ramaswamy, V., Solomon, S. & Srinivasan, J. in Climate Change 1995: the Science of Climate Change(eds Houghton, J. T. et al.) 108–118 (Cambridge Univ. Press, (1996).
no DOI — not checkedMardia, K. V., Kent, J. T. & Bibby, J. M. Multivariate Analysis(Academic, London, (1979).
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. If Crossref’s record marks the work itself retracted, withdrawn, or removed, the badge says so instead of showing clean. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references with neither a DOI nor an arXiv id.

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