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A molecular timescale for vertebrate evolution

https://doi.org/10.1038/31927
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21/21 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-16

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

9 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 21 checked references that resolve
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Biochemical Evolution
resolves10.7312/nei-92038
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics
resolves10.1038/356121a0
Mammalian phytogeny: shaking the tree
resolves10.1038/363223a0
Primate origins: plugging the gaps
resolves10.1007/978-1-4615-2381-9
Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution
resolves10.1093/oso/9780198540618.001.0001
An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography
resolves10.1007/BF02111280
On the molecular evolutionary clock
resolves10.1038/381226a0
Continental breakup and the ordinal diversification of birds and mammals
resolves10.1007/978-1-4899-2865-8
Vertebrate Palaeontology
resolves10.1126/science.272.5265.1150
Fossil Evidence for a Late Cretaceous Origin of “Hoofed” Mammals
resolves10.1080/10292389209380427
Interrelationships of Mesozoic mammals
resolves10.1126/science.275.5303.1109
Mass Survival of Birds Across the Cretaceous- Tertiary Boundary: Molecular Evidence
resolves10.1126/science.275.5301.797
Anthropoid Origins
resolves10.1007/978-1-4899-0075-3_13
The Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Sivapithecus Revisited
resolves10.1006/mpev.1996.0010
Genetic and Morphological Records of the Hominoidea and Hominid Origins: A Synthesis
resolves10.1038/41078
Earliest known Old World monkey skull
resolves10.1038/40386
Endemic African mammals shake the phylogenetic tree
resolves10.1093/nar/22.12.2360
HOVERGEN: a database of homologous vertebrate genes
resolves10.1093/genetics/135.2.599
Simple methods for testing the molecular evolutionary clock hypothesis.
resolves10.1038/383068a0
A Palaeocene proboscidean from Morocco
resolves10.1007/BF02101113
Phylogeny of the major tetrapod groups: Morphological data and divergence dates
The 9 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedEasteal, S., Collet, C. & Betty, D. The Mammalian Molecular Clock (R. G. Landes, Austin, TX, 1995).
no DOI — not checkedGerhart, J. & Kirschner, M. Cells, Embryos, and Evolution (Blackwell Scientific, Malden, Massachusetts, 1997).
no DOI — not checkedGee, H. Before the Backbone (Chapman & Hall, New York, NY, 1996).
no DOI — not checkedBenton, M. J. The Fossil Record 2 (Chapman & Hall, London, 1993).
no DOI — not checkedTakezaki, N., Rzhetsky, A. & Nei, M. Phylogenetic test of the molecular clock and linearized tree. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12, 823–833 (1995).
no DOI — not checkedJaeger, J.-J., Tong, H. & Denys, C. The age of the Mus-Rattus divergence: paleontological data compared with the molecular clock. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 302, 917–922 (1986).
no DOI — not checkedParker, P. H. An Improved Estimate of the Mouse-Rat Divergence Time and Rates of Amino Acid Substitution in Mammals and BirdsThesis, Pennsylvania State Univ.((1996).
no DOI — not checkedCarroll, R. L. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1988).
no DOI — not checkedKumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M. MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (Pennsylvania State Univ., 1993).
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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