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Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain

https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01355
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29/29 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-25

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

The 29 checked references that resolve
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Natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) or interleukin-12 is a key regulator of immune response and inflammation
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Novel p19 Protein Engages IL-12p40 to Form a Cytokine, IL-23, with Biological Activities Similar as Well as Distinct from IL-12
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A Receptor for the Heterodimeric Cytokine IL-23 Is Composed of IL-12Rβ1 and a Novel Cytokine Receptor Subunit, IL-23R
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Ubiquitous Transgenic Expression of the IL-23 Subunit p19 Induces Multiorgan Inflammation, Runting, Infertility, and Premature Death
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Central Nervous System Expression of IL-10 Inhibits Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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IL-12 in Autoimmunity
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IFN-gamma plays a critical down-regulatory role in the induction and effector phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis
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Failure to Suppress the Expansion of the Activated Cd4 T Cell Population in Interferon γ–Deficient Mice Leads to Exacerbation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Mac-1+ myelopoiesis induced by CFA: a clue to the paradoxical effects of IFN-γ in autoimmune disease models
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Isolation and direct characterization of resident microglial cells from the normal and inflamed central nervous system.
resolves10.1126/stke.2002.114.pe1
IL-23: A Cytokine That Acts on Memory T Cells
resolves10.1126/science.1074900
Critical Role for STAT4 Activation by Type 1 Interferons in the Interferon-γ Response to Viral Infection
resolves10.1126/science.1062960
The Influence of the Proinflammatory Cytokine, Osteopontin, on Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease
resolves10.1038/35038103
Development of Th1-type immune responses requires the type I cytokine receptor TCCR
resolves10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00324-2
IL-27, a Heterodimeric Cytokine Composed of EBI3 and p28 Protein, Induces Proliferation of Naive CD4+ T Cells
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6957
A Protective and Agonistic Function of IL-12p40 in Mycobacterial Infection
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What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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