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Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: modulators of the microbiome and inflammation

106/106 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

The 106 checked references that resolve

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Structural Basis of Recognition of Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns and Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Camel Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein

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Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Are a New Class of Human Bactericidal Proteins

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Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein

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Requirement for a Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein (PGRP) in Relish Activation and Antibacterial Immune Responses in Drosophila

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The Drosophila immune response against Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a peptidoglycan recognition protein

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Peptidoglycan recognition protein-SD provides versatility of receptor formation in Drosophila immunity

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The Rel Protein DIF Mediates the Antifungal but Not the Antibacterial Host Defense in Drosophila

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Overexpression of a pattern-recognition receptor, peptidoglycan-recognition protein-LE, activates imd/relish-mediated antibacterial defense and the prophenoloxidase cascade in Drosophila larvae

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The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition

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Drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC) acts as a signal-transducing innate immune receptor

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Functional Diversity of the Drosophila PGRP-LC Gene Cluster in the Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Peptidoglycan

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Monomeric and Polymeric Gram-Negative Peptidoglycan but Not Purified LPS Stimulate the Drosophila IMD Pathway

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The Drosophila Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein PGRP-LF Blocks PGRP-LC and IMD/JNK Pathway Activation

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The Drosophila peptidoglycan‐recognition protein LF interacts with peptidoglycan‐recognition protein LC to downregulate the Imd pathway

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Autophagic control of listeria through intracellular innate immune recognition in drosophila

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Downregulation of the Drosophila Immune Response by Peptidoglycan-Recognition Proteins SC1 and SC2

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The Drosophila Amidase PGRP-LB Modulates the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection

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Long-Range Activation of Systemic Immunity through Peptidoglycan Diffusion in Drosophila

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Invasive and indigenous microbiota impact intestinal stem cell activity through multiple pathways in Drosophila

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A Direct Role for Dual Oxidase in Drosophila Gut Immunity

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Coordination of multiple dual oxidase–regulatory pathways in responses to commensal and infectious microbes in drosophila gut

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Anopheles gambiae PGRPLC-Mediated Defense against Bacteria Modulates Infections with Malaria Parasites

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The Obligate Mutualist Wigglesworthia glossinidia Influences Reproduction, Digestion, and Immunity Processes of Its Host, the Tsetse Fly

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Interactions between mutualist Wigglesworthia and tsetse peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP-LB) influence trypanosome transmission

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Host PGRP Gene Expression and Bacterial Release in Endosymbiosis of the Weevil Sitophilus zeamais

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Distribution of multiple peptidoglycan recognition proteins in the tissues of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

resolves10.1016/j.fsi.2007.01.023

Molecular cloning and characterization of a short type peptidoglycan recognition protein (CfPGRP-S1) cDNA from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri

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Peptidoglycan recognition protein of Chlamys farreri (CfPGRP-S1) mediates immune defenses against bacterial infection

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Identifying Components of the NF-κB Pathway in the Beneficial Euprymna scolopes - Vibrio fischeri Light Organ Symbiosis

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Peptidoglycan induces loss of a nuclear peptidoglycan recognition protein during host tissue development in a beneficial animal-bacterial symbiosis

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Taming the symbiont for coexistence: a host PGRP neutralizes a bacterial symbiont toxin

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Microbial Factor-Mediated Development in a Host-Bacterial Mutualism

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The winnowing: establishing the squid–vibrio symbiosis

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Characterization of immune genes from the schistosome host snail Biomphalaria glabrata that encode peptidoglycan recognition proteins and gram-negative bacteria binding protein

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Peptidoglycan recognition proteins with amidase activity in early deuterostomes (Echinodermata)

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Zebrafish Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Are Bactericidal Amidases Essential for Defense against Bacterial Infections

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Molecular cloning and characterization of peptidoglycan recognition proteins from the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli

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Cloning, mRNA expression, and recombinant expression of peptidoglycan recognition protein II gene from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

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RNAi suppression of zebrafish peptidoglycan recognition protein 6 (zfPGRP6) mediated differentially expressed genes involved in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and caused increased susceptibility to Flavobacterium columnare

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Zebrafish peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (zfPGRP-SC) mediates multiple intracellular signaling pathways

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Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Require Zinc to Kill Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Are Synergistic with Antibacterial Peptides

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Peptidoglycan recognition proteins kill bacteria by activating protein-sensing two-component systems

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Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-L Is an N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase

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A mammalian peptidoglycan recognition protein with N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase activity

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Isolation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of Bovine Oligosaccharide-binding Protein

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Defect in neutrophil killing and increased susceptibility to infection with nonpathogenic gram-positive bacteria in peptidoglycan recognition protein-S (PGRP-S)–deficient mice

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Human peptidoglycan recognition protein S is an effector of neutrophil-mediated innate immunity

resolves10.1128/MCB.24.18.7949-7957.2004

Innate Immune Responses in Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein L-Deficient Mice

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Identification of serum N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase as liver peptidoglycan recognition protein 2

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Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 (N-Acetylmuramoyl-<scp>l</scp>-Ala Amidase) Is Induced in Keratinocytes by Bacteria through the p38 Kinase Pathway

resolves10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00500.x

Chemically synthesized pathogen-associated molecular patterns increase the expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins via toll-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2 in human oral epithelial cells

resolves10.1074/jbc.M601017200

Differential Expression of Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 in the Skin and Liver Requires Different Transcription Factors

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Murine peptidoglycan recognition proteins PglyrpIα and PglyrpIβ are encoded in the epidermal differentiation complex and are expressed in epidermal and hematopoietic tissues

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Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Protect Mice from Experimental Colitis by Promoting Normal Gut Flora and Preventing Induction of Interferon-γ

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Expression of the Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein, PGRP, in the Lactating Mammary Gland

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Nod2 is essential for temporal development of intestinal microbial communities

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PGLYRP-2 and Nod2 Are Both Required for Peptidoglycan-Induced Arthritis and Local Inflammation

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GWA studies: rewriting the story of IBD

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Genomewide Search in Canadian Families with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reveals Two Novel Susceptibility Loci

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Current concept on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease-crosstalk between genetic and microbial factors: Pathogenic bacteria and altered bacterial sensing or changes in mucosal integrity take “toll”

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A novel two‐component regulatory system in Bacillus subtilis for the survival of severe secretion stress

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Mistranslation of Membrane Proteins and Two-Component System Activation Trigger Antibiotic-Mediated Cell Death

resolves10.1074/jbc.M513030200

Structural Basis for Preferential Recognition of Diaminopimelic Acid-type Peptidoglycan by a Subset of Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins

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