Reference health
Increased variability of eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming
48/48 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-26
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
5 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 48 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1606:GARSPP>2.0.CO;2
Global and Regional Scale Precipitation Patterns Associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
resolves10.1126/science.253.5015.69
Elimination of Two Reef-Building Hydrocorals Following the 1982-83 El Niño Warming Event
resolves10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2477:EOENOO>2.0.CO;2
Effect of El Niño on U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes, Revisited
resolves10.1007/s00382-009-0716-3
Interannual variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and implications for tropical cyclone genesis
resolves10.1029/JC092iC13p14437
The impact of the 1982–1983 El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on seabirds in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
resolves10.1038/nclimate2100
Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming
resolves10.1175/2008JCLI2624.1
Two Types of El Niño Events: Cold Tongue El Niño and Warm Pool El Niño
resolves10.1007/s00382-012-1475-0
Analysis of the non-linearity in the pattern and time evolution of El Niño southern oscillation
resolves10.1038/nature11358
More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming
resolves10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1
Global Warming Pattern Formation: Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall*
resolves10.1038/nature12580
Robust twenty-first-century projections of El Niño and related precipitation variability
resolves10.1038/nature12683
Late-twentieth-century emergence of the El Niño propagation asymmetry and future projections
resolves10.1029/2011GL048275
El Niño and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean
resolves10.1029/2010GL045886
Natural variability of the central Pacific El Niño event on multi-centennial timescales
resolves10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00045.1
ENSO Transition, Duration, and Amplitude Asymmetries: Role of the Nonlinear Wind Stress Coupling in a Conceptual Model
resolves10.1007/s00382-016-3475-y
The importance of ENSO nonlinearities in tropical pacific response to external forcing
resolves10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00252.1
Will There Be a Significant Change to El Niño in the Twenty-First Century?
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1542:VSOAOS>2.0.CO;2
Vertical Structure of an OGCM Simulation of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean in 1985–94
resolves10.1175/2009JCLI2764.1
Low-Frequency Variability of Temperature in the Vicinity of the Equatorial Pacific Thermocline in SODA: Role of Equatorial Wave Dynamics and ENSO Asymmetry
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3421:CROTAZ>2.0.CO;2
Collective Role of Thermocline and Zonal Advective Feedbacks in the ENSO Mode*
resolves10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00363.1
Influence of Recent Stratification Changes on ENSO Stability in a Conceptual Model of the Equatorial Pacific
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<0997:HMEPVI>2.0.CO;2
How Much Energy Propagates Vertically in the Equatorial Oceans?
resolves10.1007/s00382-013-1792-y
The importance of the eastward zonal current for generating extreme El Niño
resolves10.1029/2002JD002670
Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
resolves10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1
Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:AIISAS>2.0.CO;2
An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate
resolves10.1175/JCLI4110.1
Rectification of ENSO Variability by Interdecadal Changes in the Equatorial Background Mean State in a CGCM Simulation
resolves10.1007/s00382-010-0849-4
Role of the upper ocean structure in the response of ENSO-like SST variability to global warming
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(1989)019<0815:AFPUIM>2.0.CO;2
Accounting for Parameter Uncertainties in Model Verification: An Illustration with Tropical Sea Surface Temperature
The 5 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedKim, S. T. & Yu, J.-Y. The two types of ENSO in CMIP5 models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L11704 (2012).
no DOI — not checkedCane, M. A. & Sarachik, E. S. The response of a linear baroclinic equatorial ocean to periodic forcing. J. Mar. Res. 39, 651–693 (1981).
no DOI — not checkedThual, S., Dewitte, B., An, S.-I. & Ayoub, N. Sensitivity of ENSO to stratification in a recharge-discharge conceptual model. J. Clim. 4, 4331–4348 (2011).
no DOI — not checkedLorenz, E. N. Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Statistical Weather Prediction. Statistical Forecast Project Report 1 (MIT Department of Meteorology, 1956).
no DOI — not checkedFjelstad, J. E. Interne Wellen (Cammermeyer in Komm., 1933).
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