Reference health

Interferons and viruses induce a novel truncated ACE2 isoform and not the full-length SARS-CoV-2 receptor

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00731-9

1 of 40 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-07-23

At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.

3 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

References needing attention

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The 39 checked references that resolve

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SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus

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SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues

resolves10.1038/s41587-020-0602-4

COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium–immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis

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Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19

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Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial

resolves10.1084/jem.20200653

COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda

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Weak Induction of Interferon Expression by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Supports Clinical Trials of Interferon-λ to Treat Early Coronavirus Disease 2019

resolves10.1038/ncpcardio0012

Mechanisms of Disease: local renin–angiotensin–aldosterone systems and the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease

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The renin–angiotensin system: An integrated view of lung disease and coagulopathy in COVID-19 and therapeutic implications

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Kallikrein-kinin blockade in patients with COVID-19 to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Impaired Breakdown of Bradykinin and Its Metabolites as a Possible Cause for Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Infection

resolves10.1038/nature03712

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure

resolves10.1038/nm1267

A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury

resolves10.1038/ng.3670

Association of germline variants in the APOBEC3 region with cancer risk and enrichment with APOBEC-signature mutations in tumors

resolves10.4049/jimmunol.1700807

IFN-λ4 Attenuates Antiviral Responses by Enhancing Negative Regulation of IFN Signaling

resolves10.1038/s42003-018-0193-5

IFNL4-ΔG is associated with prostate cancer among men at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections

resolves10.1371/journal.ppat.1008515

Differential expression of interferon-lambda receptor 1 splice variants determines the magnitude of the antiviral response induced by interferon-lambda 3 in human immune cells

resolves10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107863

Critical Role of Type III Interferon in Controlling SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

resolves10.1038/nature09907

A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response

resolves10.1101/gr.235028.118

PepQuery enables fast, accurate, and convenient proteomic validation of novel genomic alterations

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Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

resolves10.1093/cid/ciaa410

Comparative Replication and Immune Activation Profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in Human Lungs: An Ex Vivo Study With Implications for the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

resolves10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554

Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19

resolves10.1126/science.abc3545

Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition

resolves10.1126/science.abc2061

Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection

resolves10.1038/s41586-020-2588-y

Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19

resolves10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.015

Elevated nucleoprotein-induced interferon-γ release in COVID-19 patients detected in a SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay

resolves10.1038/nrm.2017.103

Functional 5′ UTR mRNA structures in eukaryotic translation regulation and how to find them

resolves10.3389/fcvm.2020.00071

COVID and the Renin-Angiotensin System: Are Hypertension or Its Treatments Deleterious?

resolves10.1128/JVI.00127-20

Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus

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miRNA-200c-3p is crucial in acute respiratory distress syndrome

resolves10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.003

COVID-19: A New Virus, but a Familiar Receptor and Cytokine Release Syndrome

resolves10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0516

Case Fatality Rate of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System

resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31187-9

Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study

resolves10.1038/ng.2521

A variant upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) creating a new interferon gene IFNL4 is associated with impaired clearance of hepatitis C virus

resolves10.1016/S0893-6080(02)00070-9

Analysis and visualization of gene expression data using Self-Organizing Maps

resolves10.1109/72.846731

Clustering of the self-organizing map

resolves10.1093/bioinformatics/btv404

Nsite, NsiteH and NsiteM computer tools for studying transcription regulatory elements

The 3 references without a DOI — listed, not checked

no DOI — not checkedHuang, F. et al. Angiotensin II plasma levels are linked to disease severity and predict fatal outcomes in H7N9-infected patients. Nat. Commun. 5, 3595 (2014).

no DOI — not checkedZou, Z. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from lethal avian influenza A H5N1 infections. Nat. Commun. 5, 3594 (2014).

no DOI — not checkedLagunas-Rangel, F. A. & Chavez-Valencia, V. High IL-6/IFN-gamma ratio could be associated with severe disease in COVID-19 patients. J. Med. Virol. 92, jmv.25900 (2020).

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