Reference health
Airport artificial intelligence can detect deception: or am i lying?
2 of 56 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-03
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
26 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.2307/27977480
does not resolve to a known work10.1037//0033-2909.129.1.74
The 54 checked references that resolve
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Strong, but Wrong: Lay People’s and Police Officers’ Beliefs about Verbal and Nonverbal Cues to Deception
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Testing Interpersonal Deception Theory: Effects of Suspicion on Communication Behaviors and Perceptions
resolves10.1002/jip.73
Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception (ACID): an integrated system of investigative interviewing and detecting deception
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Lying and executive control: An experimental investigation using ego depletion and goal neglect
resolves10.1080/00029157.2011.10404358
Ekman, P. (2009)<i>Telling Lies : Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage</i>. New York: Norton
resolves10.3758/BF03193146
G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
resolves10.1109/CVPRW.2014.22
Face Biometrics Under Spoofing Attacks: Vulnerabilities, Countermeasures, Open Issues, and Research Directions
resolves10.1037/a0023589
Why do lie-catchers fail? A lens model meta-analysis of human lie judgments.
resolves10.1126/science.270.5236.644
Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response
resolves10.1177/0093650210362686
The Impact of
<i>Lie to Me</i>
on Viewers’ Actual Ability to Detect Deception
resolves10.1080/13218719.2017.1308783
A Behaviour Sequence Analysis of Nonverbal Communication and Deceit in Different Personality Clusters
resolves10.1177/00238309060490010701
The Time Course of Variability Effects in the Perception of Spoken Language: Changes Across the Lifespan
resolves10.1016/B978-0-12-812729-2.00014-8
The Applicability of the Verifiability Approach to the Real World
resolves10.1166/asl.2012.2177
Combining Touched Fingerprint and Finger-vein of a Finger, and Its Usability Evaluation
resolves10.1177/0081246318822953
How good are we at detecting deception? A review of current techniques and theories
resolves10.1002/acp.1204
Silent talker: a new computer-based system for the analysis of facial cues to deception
resolves10.1007/s00521-006-0055-9
Charting the behavioural state of a person using a backpropagation neural network
resolves10.1016/j.cviu.2016.01.009
Does “lie to me” lie to you? An evaluation of facial clues to high-stakes deception
resolves10.1080/07421222.2015.1138569
Robustness of Multiple Indicators in Automated Screening Systems for Deception Detection
resolves10.1017/CBO9781316225608.017
A cognitive approach to elicit verbal and nonverbal cues to deceit
resolves10.1016/J.JARMAC.2012.02.004
Eliciting cues to deception and truth: What matters are the questions asked.
resolves10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.02.002
Translating theory into practice: Evaluating a cognitive lie detection training workshop.
resolves10.1002/jip.1443
Train the Trainers: A First Step towards a Science‐Based Cognitive Lie Detection Training Workshop Delivered by a Practitioner
The 26 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedActuIA. 2019. iBorderCtrl : A dangerous misunderstanding of what AI really is—ActuIA. https://www.actuia.com/english/iborderctrl-a-dangerous-misunderstanding-of-what-ai-really-is/. Accessed 5 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedAdelson, R. 2004. Detecting deception. Monitor on Psychology 35: 7.
no DOI — not checkedBarrett Feldman, L. 2014. Opinion|what faces can’t tell us. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/opinion/sunday/what-faces-cant-tell-us.html. Accessed 8 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedBarrett Feldman, L. 2017a. How emotions are made: The secret life of the brain. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
no DOI — not checkedBarrett Feldman, L. 2017b. Why our emotions are cultural—not built in at birth. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/mar/26/why-our-emotions-are-cultural-not-hardwired-at-birth. Accessed 8 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedBernal, N. 2018. AI lie detectors to be tested by the EU at border points. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/11/01/ai-lie-detectors-tested-eu-border-points/.
no DOI — not checkedBest, S. 2017. The robot that knows when you’re lying: Scientists create an AI that can detect deception in the courtroom (and it’s already “significantly better” than humans). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5197747/AI-detects-expressions-tell-people-lie-court.html. Accessed 12 Aug 2018.
no DOI — not checkedBringsjord, S., and B. Schimanski. 2003. What is artificial intelligence? Psychometric AI as an answer. In IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 887–893). http://www.cyc.com.
no DOI — not checkedEDRi. 2019. Greece: Clarifications sought on human rights impacts of iBorderCtrl–EDRi. https://edri.org/greece-clarifications-sought-on-human-rights-impacts-of-iborderctrl/. Accessed 8 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedEkman, P. 2019. Facial action coding system|micro expressions. https://www.paulekman.com/product-category/facs/. . Accessed 8 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedGallagher, R., and L. Jona. 2019. We tested Europe’s new digital lie detector. It failed. https://theintercept.com/2019/07/26/europe-border-control-ai-lie-detector/. Accessed 27 Aug 2019.
no DOI — not checkedGhosh, P. 2019. AAAS: Machine learning “causing science crisis”—BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-47267081. Accessed 5 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedHenig, R.B. 2006. Looking for the lie. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/magazine/looking-for-the-lie.html?_r=1. Accessed 12 Aug 2018.
no DOI — not checkedHomo Digitalis. 2019. Homo Digitalis Reporting to the Hellenic Parliament on the use of the IBORDERCTRL system at the Greek border. https://www.homodigitalis.gr/posts/2771. Accessed 5 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedHonts, C.R., M. Hartwig, S.M. Kleinman, and C.A. Meissner. 2009. Credibility assessment at portals: Portals committee report. Final Report of the Portals Committee to the Defense Academy for Credibility Assessment.
no DOI — not checkediBorderCtrl. 2019. Technical framework. https://www.iborderctrl.eu/Technical-Framework. Accessed 27 Feb 2019.
no DOI — not checkedJupe, L.M., and M. Hartwig. 2019. Deception, anxiety and folk beliefs: An examination of the asymmetrical anxiety heuristic. Manuscript in Preperation.
no DOI — not checkedLovell-Badge, R. 2013. Nine out of ten statistics are taken out of context|Understanding Animal Research|Understanding Animal Research. http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/news/communications-media/nine-out-of-ten-statistics-are-taken-out-of-context/. Accessed 5 Mar 2019.
no DOI — not checkedMcGrath, C. 2018, November 2. Lie detector scheme to boost fight against “terror threats” trialled at EU borders. The Express. https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1040150/eu-news-lie-detector-scheme-fight-terror-threats-trialled-borders-hungary.
no DOI — not checkedNational Crime Agency. 2017. Identity crime. http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/crime-threats/identity-crime. Accessed 14 Dec 2017.
no DOI — not checkedOrtony, A., and T.J. Turner. (1990). What’s basic about basic emotions? Psychological Review (Vol. 97). Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/df84/be52a5c0a51db7e9545a0bdd2ab3c389cc3b.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedPoole, D.L., A.K. Mackworth, and R. Goebel. 1998. Computational intelligence: A logical approach (1st ed.). New York.
no DOI — not checkedRozin, P., L. Lowery, and R. Ebert. 1994. Varieties of disgust faces and the structure of disgust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 66). Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/123b/28a4b062a73daa4abef15e91e23b49382bf4.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedVrij, A. 2000. Detecting lies and deciet: The psychology of lying and the implications for professional practice. Chichester: Wiley.
no DOI — not checkedWoollacott, E. 2017, August 1. Better drugs, faster: The potential of AI-powered humans. BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40708043.
no DOI — not checkedWu, Z., B. Singh, L.S. Davis, and V.S. Subrahmanian. 2017. Deception detection in videos. http://arxiv.org/abs/1712.04415.
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