Reference health
A single Mid-Pleistocene long-distance dispersal by a bird can explain the extreme bipolar disjunction in crowberries ( <i>Empetrum</i> )
44/44 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 44 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00054.x
Evolution of the Madrean–Tethyan disjunctions and the North and South American amphitropical disjunctions in plants
resolves10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00241-5
Phylogenetic relationships of Empetraceae inferred from sequences of chloroplast gene matK and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS region
resolves10.3732/ajb.0800017
Phylogeny, biogeography, and rates of diversification of New World <i>Astragalus</i> (Leguminosae) with an emphasis on South American radiations
resolves10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.020
Molecular evidence for the age, origin, and evolutionary history of the American desert plant genus Tiquilia (Boraginaceae)
resolves10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.002
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the bipolar Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae): Recent radiations in an old genus
resolves10.2307/2419710
Phylogeny of the Empetraceae, with Special Emphasis on Character Evolution in the Genus Empetrum
resolves10.1007/BF02101694
Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA
resolves10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01731.x
History and evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric Hultén
resolves10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(200002)15:2<115::AID-JQS502>3.0.CO;2-F
Pollen sequence from the Chilean Lake District during the Llanquihue glaciation in marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 4-2
resolves10.1016/0031-0182(93)90005-4
Paleoenvironments and paleoclimates in Tierra del Fuego and southernmost Patagonia, South America
resolves10.1016/j.jsames.2005.07.004
Chronology of the Late Cenozoic Patagonian glaciations and their correlation with biostratigraphic units of the Pampean region (Argentina)
resolves10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.019
Glaciations in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego during the Ensenadan Stage/Age (Early Pleistocene–earliest Middle Pleistocene)
resolves10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00103-2
The Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern South America
resolves10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199803/04)13:2<95::AID-JQS351>3.0.CO;2-G
Late Pleistocene sediments and environmental change at Plaza Creek, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic
resolves10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.05.007
Late Holocene multi-proxy records of environmental change on the South Atlantic island Tristan da Cunha
resolves10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.08.003
Holocene climate and vegetation dynamics on Nightingale Island, South Atlantic—an apparent interglacial bipolar seesaw in action?
resolves10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb02419.x
Pollen analysis of a Quaternary peat sequence on Gough Island, South Atlantic
resolves10.1016/0034-6667(87)90064-9
Miocene floras in the lower Rhenish Basin and their ecological interpretation
resolves10.1016/j.tig.2003.12.003
Reading the entrails of chickens: molecular timescales of evolution and the illusion of precision
resolves10.1016/j.tree.2007.05.005
Rocks and clocks: calibrating the Tree of Life using fossils and molecules
resolves10.1111/j.0908-8857.2007.04168.x
Calibrating molecular estimates of substitution rates and divergence times in birds
resolves10.1093/sysbio/syp035
Accounting for Calibration Uncertainty in Phylogenetic Estimation of Evolutionary Divergence Times
resolves10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb02361.x
Rhododendron seeds from the Palaeocene of southern England
resolves10.1071/BT04214
Genetic variation, taxonomy and mountain-hopping of four bipolar Carex species (Cyperaceae) analysed by AFLP fingerprinting
resolves10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00293.x
SPECIES DELIMITATION AND THE ORIGIN OF POPULATIONS IN ISLAND REPRESENTATIVES OF PHYLICA (RHAMNACEAE)
resolves10.1600/0363644054223648
Origin and Evolution of a Circumpolar Polyploid Species Complex in <I>Silene</I> (Caryophyllaceae) Inferred from Low Copy Nuclear RNA Polymerase Introns, rDNA, and Chloroplast DNA
resolves10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0335:PCOEMA]2.0.CO;2
Phylogenetic Classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and Morphological Evidence
resolves10.1080/10635150390235520
A Simple, Fast, and Accurate Algorithm to Estimate Large Phylogenies by Maximum Likelihood
resolves10.1007/BF00160154
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation from DNA sequences with variable rates over sites: Approximate methods
resolves10.1093/molbev/msj021
Choosing Appropriate Substitution Models for the Phylogenetic Analysis of Protein-Coding Sequences
resolves10.1080/10635150390238879
Hierarchical Phylogenetic Models for Analyzing Multipartite Sequence Data
The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedEG Du Rietz, Problems of bipolar plant distribution. Acta Phytogeogr Suec 13, 215–282 (1940).
no DOI — not checkedC Darwin The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Penguin, London, 1st Ed; reprinted (1985) (Penguin Classics, Penguin Group, London). (1859).
no DOI — not checkedJC Humphries, LR Parenti Cladistic Biogeography: Interpreting Patterns of Plant and Animal Distributions (Clarendon, Oxford, 1986).
no DOI — not checkedDF Murray V Mirré R Elven (2009) in Flora of North America North of Mexico ed Committee FoNAE (Oxford Univ Press New York and Oxford) Vol 8.
no DOI — not checkedJAA Nylander MrAIC.pl (http://www.abc.se/~nylander). (2004).
no DOI — not checkedEM Friis, The Damgaard flora: A new Middle Miocene flora from Denmark. Bull Geol Soc Den 27, 117–142 (1979).
no DOI — not checkedME Collinson, JJ Hooker, DR Groecke, Cobham lignite bed and penecontemporaneous macrofloras of southern England: A record of vegetation and fire across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Spec Pap Geol Soc Am 369, 333–349 (2003).
no DOI — not checkedOW Johnson, PG Connors The Birds of North America Online, ed A Poole (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, 1996).
no DOI — not checkedMA Skeel, EP Mallory The Birds of North America Online, ed A Poole (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, 1996).
no DOI — not checkedA Rambaut Se-Al: Sequence Alignment Editor (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/seal/). (1996).
no DOI — not checkedDI Axelrod The Late Oligocene Creede Flora, Colorado (University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 1987).
no DOI — not checkedDI Axelrod The Miocene Purple Mountain Flora of Western Nevada (University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 1995).
no DOI — not checkedS Tavaré, Some probabilistic and statistical problems in the analysis of DNA sequences. Lect Math Life Sci 80, 57–86 (1986).
no DOI — not checkedA Rambaut AJ Drummond Tracer (http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer). (2007).
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