Reference health
Legal Realism and Legal Positivism Reconsidered
17/17 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
46 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 17 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1017/S0841820900003490
The Varieties of Legal Positivism: Critical Notice: <i>Inclusive Legal Positivism</i> by W.J. Waluchow
The 46 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBrian Leiter, ``Legal Realism,'' in A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory, ed. Dennis Patterson (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), pp.261-279, and ``RethinkingLegal Realism: Toward a Naturalized Jurisprudence,''Texas Law Review76 (1997): 267-315.
no DOI — not checkedPatterns of American Jurisprudence (Oxford: Clarendon Press
no DOI — not checkedEdwin W. Patterson
no DOI — not checkedLeiter, ``Is There an `American' Jurisprudence?'' pp.373-374, and ``Rethinking Legal Realism,'' pp. 271-74. For examples of the CLS reinventionof Realism, see
no DOI — not checkedThe introductory essays and editor
no DOI — not checkedp_n_10
no DOI — not checkedp_n_12
no DOI — not checkedLeiter, ``Legal Realism,'' pp.270ff. Altman, in his otherwise sympathetic discussion, misses the centrality to Realism of this positive claim about adjudication because he conflates Realism with CLS. He claims that ``the master theme of legal realism'' is ``that of the breakdown of any sharp distinction between law (adjudication) and politics'' (p. 206, n. 4). While this is the ``master theme'' of CLS, to be sure, it is not a theme in the writings of Llewellyn, Oliphant, Frank, and Moore, among other prominent Realists. The mistake here is in thinking that Realists viewed ``politics'' as determining judicial decisions where legal rules and legal reasons did not. In fact, the Realists emphasized the role of psychological factors (unrelated to politics) or uncodified commercial norms, rather than political preferences.See
no DOI — not checkedMinn.
no DOI — not checkedp_n_17
no DOI — not checkedMinn.
no DOI — not checkedMinn.
no DOI — not checkedLeiter, ``Rethinking Legal Realism,'' pp.269ff.
no DOI — not checkedEconomic Analysis of Law (Boston: Little
no DOI — not checkedLeiter, ``Legal Realism,'' p.277.
no DOI — not checkedQuine, Pursuit of Truth(Cambridge,Mass. Harvard University Press, 1990), pp.19-21.
no DOI — not checkedHilary Kornblith, ``Introduction: What Is Naturalistic Epistemology?'' in Naturalizing Epistemology, ed. Hilary Kornblith, 2d ed. (Cambridge,Mass. MIT Press, 1994), pp.2-14, p. 4.
no DOI — not checkedQuine, ``Epistemology Naturalized,'' p.75.
no DOI — not checkedThe Concept of Law, ed. P. Bulloch and Joseph Raz, 2d ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press
no DOI — not checkedHart, The Concept of Law, pp.55-56, 90.
no DOI — not checkedHart, The Concept of Law, p.133.
no DOI — not checkedp_n_73
no DOI — not checkedp_n_76
no DOI — not checkedLlewellyn, The Bramble Bush, p.13.
no DOI — not checkedHard Positivism, and Conceptual Analysis,'' and also Brian Leiter, ``Objectivity, Morality, and Adjudication,'' in Objectivity in Law and Morals, ed. Brian Leiter
no DOI — not checkedHart, The Concept of Law, p.135.
no DOI — not checkedp_n_88
no DOI — not checkedhis paper, ``Legal Interpretation, Objectivity, and Morality,'' in Leiter, ed., pp.12- 65. Seealso
no DOI — not checkedHart, The Concept of Law, p.132.
no DOI — not checkedLlewellyn, The Bramble Bush, p.74.
no DOI — not checkedIbid. atp.76.
no DOI — not checkedLlewellyn, ``Remarks on the Theory of Appellate Decision,'' p.399.
no DOI — not checkedIbid. atp.401, and cf. The Bramble Bush, p. 90.See
no DOI — not checkedgenerally, Radin, ``Statutory Interpretation,'' esp. pp.881-882.
no DOI — not checkedLlewellyn, The Bramble Bush, p.80.
no DOI — not checkedLlewellyn, The Bramble Bush, p.72.
no DOI — not checkedHart, The Concept of Law, p.131.
no DOI — not checkedp_n_105
no DOI — not checkedp_n_107
no DOI — not checkedLlewellyn, The Bramble Bush, p.29.
no DOI — not checkedIbid. atp.76.
no DOI — not checkedLlewellyn, ``Some Realism about Realism,'' p.1237(emphasis added).
no DOI — not checkedHart, The Concept of Law, p.137.
no DOI — not checkedJeffrey A. Segal and Harold J. Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model
no DOI — not checkedp_n_122
no DOI — not checkedReview 71 (1958): 593- 629, p.606.
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