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Who Shall Live and Who Shall Die? An Analysis of Prisoners on Death Row in the United States

https://doi.org/10.1086/421570
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10/10 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

9 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 10 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1086/374707
Sentencing in Homicide Cases and the Role of Vengeance
resolves10.2307/1228652
Patterns of Death: An Analysis of Racial Disparities in Capital Sentencing and Homicide Victimization
resolves10.2307/2095079
Racial Discrimination in Criminal Sentencing: A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence with Additional Evidence on the Death Penalty
resolves10.1086/374705
Lethal Elections: Gubernatorial Politics and the Timing of Executions
resolves10.2307/3053431
Prosecutorial Discretion in Requesting the Death Penalty: A Case of Victim-Based Racial Discrimination
resolves10.1080/07418820000094511
An empirical examination of commutations and executions in post-<i>Furman</i> capital cases
resolves10.2307/3053803
The Death Penalty and Gender Discrimination
resolves10.2307/1341977
Sober Second Thoughts: Reflections on Two Decades of Constitutional Regulation of Capital Punishment
resolves10.1177/000271627340700110
Race, Judicial Discretion, and the Death Penalty
resolves10.2307/1340711
Race Bias in the Administration of the Death Penalty: The Florida Experience
The 9 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedrf1
no DOI — not checkedrf2
no DOI — not checkedLegal Lynching: Racism, Injustice and the Death Penalty.
no DOI — not checkedrf9
no DOI — not checkedViolent Victimization and Race
no DOI — not checkedBureau of the Census
no DOI — not checkedBureau of Justice Statistics. 1973–97. Capital Punishment in the United States (computer file)
no DOI — not checkedBulletin No. NCJ 190598
no DOI — not checkedSourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. Edited by Kathleen Maguire and Ann L. Pastore
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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