Reference health
How Judicial Qualification Ratings May Disadvantage Minority and Female Candidates
23/23 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
22 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 23 checked references that resolve
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Judicial Selection: Politics, Biases, and Constituency Demands
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Do Politicians Racially Discriminate Against Constituents? A Field Experiment on State Legislators
resolves10.1017/S0022381608081036
Sounding the Fire Alarm: The Role of Interest Groups in the Lower Federal Court Confirmation Process
resolves10.2105/AJPH.2009.159517
Combining Explicit and Implicit Measures of Racial Discrimination in Health Research
resolves10.1257/0002828042002561
Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
resolves10.1177/106591290105400307
Picking Federal Judges: A Note on Policy and Partisan Selection Agendas
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ABA Judicial Ratings as the 'Gold Standard' or Fool's Gold: Federal District Judge Ratings and Reversals
resolves10.2139/ssrn.290186
Examining the American Bar Association's Ratings of Nominees to the U.S. Courts of Appeals for Political Bias, 1989-2000
resolves10.1093/jleo/ewq020
What Do Federal District Judges Want? An Analysis of Publications, Citations, and Reversals
resolves10.1093/pan/mpl013
Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference
resolves10.1111/j.1740-1461.2005.00056.x
The Judicial Confirmation Process: The Difficulty with Being Smart
resolves10.1198/jasa.2011.tm09599
Multivariate Matching Methods That Are Monotonic Imbalance Bounding
The 22 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedKuersten, Ashlyn K. , and Haire, Susan B. . 2011. “Update to the Appeals Courts Database, 1997–2002.” Western Michigan University. http://www.wmich.edu/nsf-coa.
no DOI — not checkedGonzales, Alberto . 2001. “Letter to the ABA from Al Gonzales.” White House website, March 22. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/03/20010322-5.html.
no DOI — not checkedRaben, Robert . 2011. “The ABA Ratings and Minority Nominees: Shedding Light on Disparate Impact.” Hispanic National Bar Association, Washington, DC. http://www.hnba.com/category/blogs/op-ed/.
no DOI — not checkedDelay in Senate Confirmation of Federal Judicial Nominees.
no DOI — not checkedIncreasing Senate Scrutiny of Lower Federal Court Nominees.
no DOI — not checkedRating the Ratings of the American Bar Association Standing Committee on Federal Judiciary.
no DOI — not checkedWhy Affirmative Action Does Not Cause Black Students to Fail the Bar.
no DOI — not checkedBias in the Bar: ABA Ratings and Federal Judicial Nominees from 1976–2000.
no DOI — not checkedSavage, Charles . 2011. “Ratings Shrink President’s List for Judgeships.” New York Times , November 22.
no DOI — not checkedStanding Committee on the Federal Judiciary: What It Is and How It Works
no DOI — not checkedJust the Beginning Foundation. 2012. “Integration of the Federal Judiciary.” Just the Beginning Foundation, Chicago. http://www.jtbf.org.
no DOI — not checkedA Systemic Analysis of Affirmative Action in American Law Schools.
no DOI — not checkedThe Behavior of Federal Judges: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Rational Choice
no DOI — not checkedTetreault, S. 2010. “Reid Criticizes Lawyers Group.” Law Vegas Review-Journal , February 12.
no DOI — not checkedThe American Bar Association, Judicial Ratings, and Political Bias.
no DOI — not checkedFlawed Search for Bias in the American Bar Association’s Ratings of Prospective Judicial Nominees: A Critique of the Lindgren Study.
no DOI — not checkedBoyd, Christina L. 2011. “Federal District Court Judge Ideology Data.” Author’s web page, University of Georgia. http://cLboyd.net/ideology.html.
no DOI — not checkedTrojan Horses of Race.
no DOI — not checkedPicking Federal Judges: Lower Court Selection from Roosevelt through Reagan
no DOI — not checkedKeele, Luke . 2010. “An Overview of rbounds: An R Package for Rosenbaum Bounds Sensitivity Analysis with Matched Data.” Software documentation, Pennsylvania State University. http://www.personal.psu.edu/ljk20/rbounds%20vignette.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedThe Structural Turn and the Limits of Antidiscrimination Law.
no DOI — not checkedSonger, Donald B. 2007. “The United States Courts of Appeals Database, 1925–1996.” Judicial Research Initiative, University of South Carolina. http://artsandsciences.sc.edu/poli/juri/appct.htm.
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