Reference health
(Mis)estimating Affective Polarization
39/39 checkable references clean · checked 2026-10-19
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
18 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 39 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.001
The rise of negative partisanship and the nationalization of U.S. elections in the 21st century
resolves10.1086/697253
The Parties in Our Heads: Misperceptions about Party Composition and Their Consequences
resolves10.1093/poq/nft044
How Frames Can Undermine Support for Scientific Adaptations: Politicization and the Status-Quo Bias
resolves10.1007/s11109-016-9377-1
The Correlates of Discord: Identity, Issue Alignment, and Political Hostility in Polarized America
resolves10.1073/pnas.1706588114
Greater Internet use is not associated with faster growth in political polarization among US demographic groups
resolves10.1111/ajps.12325
No Need to Watch: How the Effects of Partisan Media Can Spread via Interpersonal Discussions
resolves10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00517.x
Electoral Incentives and Partisan Conflict in Congress: Evidence from Survey Experiments
resolves10.1017/S0003055401000107
Process Preferences and American Politics: What the People Want Government to Be
resolves10.1080/21565503.2019.1629320
The role of value perceptions in intergroup conflict and cooperation
resolves10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034
The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States
resolves10.1017/XPS.2020.9
Who Do You Loathe? Feelings toward Politicians vs. Ordinary People in the Opposing Party
resolves10.1038/s41562-019-0766-4
Inaccurate group meta-perceptions drive negative out-group attributions in competitive contexts
resolves10.1080/10584609.2015.1038455
Does Media Coverage of Partisan Polarization Affect Political Attitudes?
resolves10.1093/pan/mpm003
The Effect of Survey Mode and Sampling on Inferences about Political Attitudes and Behavior: Comparing the 2000 and 2004 ANES to Internet Surveys with Nonprobability Samples
resolves10.1177/1464884919845458
Social media as public opinion: How journalists use social media to represent public opinion
resolves10.1073/pnas.2001263117
Exaggerated meta-perceptions predict intergroup hostility between American political partisans
resolves10.1017/S0003055420001124
When Unfamiliarity Breeds Contempt: How Partisan Selective Exposure Sustains Oppositional Media Hostility
resolves10.1037/0022-3514.38.1.141
The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups: Implications for the law of small numbers.
resolves10.1080/10584609.2015.1055526
Elite Polarization and Public Opinion: How Polarization Is Communicated and Its Effects
resolves10.1017/CBO9780511805813.011
Coping with Trade-Offs: Psychological Constraints and Political Implications
resolves10.1177/1532673X17703132
The Ideological Foundations of Affective Polarization in the U.S. Electorate
The 18 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThe Civic Culture
no DOI — not checkedNew York Times. https://nyti.ms/2lkoMj5 (accessed
no DOI — not checkedNew York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/08/upshot/democratic-electorate-twitter-real-life.html (accessed
no DOI — not checkedIdeology and Discontent.
no DOI — not checkedKam
no DOI — not checkedStimson
no DOI — not checkedrf15
no DOI — not checkedUnstable Majorities
no DOI — not checkedAmerica’s Political Divisions in 5 Charts
no DOI — not checkedTake Action, and Make Real Change.
no DOI — not checkedContemporary Social Psychological Theories.
no DOI — not checkedA Small Group of Prolific Users Account for a Majority of Political Tweets Sent by U.S. Adults
no DOI — not checkedWhy We’re Polarized
no DOI — not checkedPublic Opinion
no DOI — not checkedUncivil Agreement
no DOI — not checkedHearing the Other Side
no DOI — not checkedPersuasion
no DOI — not checkedHooked: How Politics Captures People’s Interest.
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checked 2026-10-19 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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