Reference health
Of the State, against the State: Public Defenders, Street-Level Bureaucracy, and Discretion in Criminal Court
38/38 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-29
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
42 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 38 checked references that resolve
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“Fighting the Good Fight”: Why Do Public Defenders Remain on the Job?
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The Practice of Law as Confidence Game Organizational Cooptation of a Profession
resolves10.1111/j.1467-9930.2009.00300.x
Beyond the Courtroom Workgroup: Caseworkers as the New Satellite of Social Control
resolves10.1093/jopart/muab021
The Professional Agency Narrative—Conceptualizing the Role of Professional Knowledge in Frontline Work
resolves10.1111/1745-9125.12106
HOW JUDGES THINK ABOUT RACIAL DISPARITIES: SITUATIONAL DECISION‐MAKING IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM*
resolves10.2307/800529
Case Processing and Interorganizational Knowledge: Detecting the "Real Reasons" for Referrals
resolves10.1111/j.1747-4469.1986.tb00241.x
Client Games: Defense Attorney Perspectives on Their Relations with Criminal Clients
resolves10.1177/0003122419859533
Between Tolerant Containment and Concerted Constraint: Managing Madness for the City and the Privileged Family
resolves10.1177/0003122418818198
Getting to Know You: Welfare Fraud Investigation and the Appropriation of Social Ties
resolves10.1177/0003122419872671
Complaint-Oriented Policing: Regulating Homelessness in Public Space
resolves10.1093/jopart/muy002
Which Clients are Deserving of Help? A Theoretical Model and Experimental Test
resolves10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024507
Hot Potato Criminology: Ethnographers and the Shame of Poor People's Crimes
resolves10.1111/1745-9125.12128
INTERORGANIZATIONAL UTILITY OF WELFARE STIGMA IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM*
resolves10.1080/07418825.2019.1686163
Focally Concerned About Focal Concerns: A Conceptual and Methodological Critique of Sentencing Disparities Research
resolves10.1080/09503150802532321
Within These Walls: The Effects of Environment on Social Work Practice in Prisons
resolves10.2307/3185408
The Impact of Legal Counsel on Outcomes for Poor Tenants in New York City's Housing Court: Results of a Randomized Experiment
resolves10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x
THE INTERACTION OF RACE, GENDER, AND AGE IN CRIMINAL SENTENCING: THE PUNISHMENT COST OF BEING YOUNG, BLACK, AND MALE
resolves10.2307/798932
Normal Crimes: Sociological Features of the Penal Code in a Public Defender Office
resolves10.1093/jopart/muu056
Coping During Public Service Delivery: A Conceptualization and Systematic Review of the Literature
resolves10.1111/1745-9125.12051
THE EDGE OF STIGMA: AN EXPERIMENTAL AUDIT OF THE EFFECTS OF LOW‐LEVEL CRIMINAL RECORDS ON EMPLOYMENT
resolves10.1086/701504
Criminal Courts as Inhabited Institutions: Making Sense of Difference and Similarity in Sentencing
resolves10.1111/lsi.12113
Criminal Justice Through “Colorblind” Lenses: A Call to Examine the Mutual Constitution of Race and Criminal Justice
resolves10.1111/1745-9125.12322
“If it don't kill you, it'll take away your life”: Survival strategies and isolation in a long‐running gun conflict
The 42 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
no DOI — not checkedCriminal Justice Standards for the Defense Function
no DOI — not checkedDefinitions.
no DOI — not checkedrf6
no DOI — not checkedStanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
no DOI — not checkedPrivilege and Punishment: How Race and Class Matter in Criminal Court
no DOI — not checkedrf18
no DOI — not checkedInteraction Ritual Chains. Princeton Studies in Cultural Sociology
no DOI — not checkedPlea and Charge Bargaining
no DOI — not checkedHow Institutions Think
no DOI — not checkedFelony Justice: An Organizational Analysis of Criminal Courts.
no DOI — not checkedShaw
no DOI — not checkedSpecial Report NCJ 231175
no DOI — not checkedThe Process Is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal Court
no DOI — not checkedLocking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America
no DOI — not checkedSpecial Report NCJ 179023
no DOI — not checkedA Pound of Flesh: Monetary Sanctions as Punishment for the Poor
no DOI — not checkedResearch Handbook on Street-Level Bureaucracy: The Ground Floor of Government in Context
no DOI — not checkedrf37
no DOI — not checkedrf39
no DOI — not checkedPoor People’s Lawyers in Transition. Crime, Law
no DOI — not checkedMisdemeanorland: Criminal Courts and Social Control in an Age of Broken Windows Policing.
no DOI — not checkedTally’s Corner: A Study of Negro Streetcorner Men. Legacies of Social Thought.
no DOI — not checkedNew York: Russell Sage Foundation.
no DOI — not checkedHard Bargains: The Coercive Power of Drug Laws in Federal Court.
no DOI — not checkedDiscretion and the Quest for Controlled Freedom
no DOI — not checkedrf55
no DOI — not checkedAnn Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
no DOI — not checkedThe Public Defender: The Practice of Law in the Shadows of Repute. Studies in Crime and Justice
no DOI — not checkedFradella
no DOI — not checkedAdult Arrest Demographics by County and Region: 2018
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no DOI — not checkedMass Incarceration, and a Road to Repair.
no DOI — not checkedJust Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption.
no DOI — not checkedrf77
no DOI — not checkedLawyers in Practice: Ethical Decision Making in Context
no DOI — not checkedCrook County: Racism and Injustice in America’s Largest Criminal Court.
no DOI — not checkedThe Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA
no DOI — not checkedThe Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty, 193–220, edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton.
no DOI — not checkedPunishment and Inequality in America
no DOI — not checkedClasses
no DOI — not checkedWhen the State Meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency
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