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Origin of Δ <sup>9</sup> -Tetrahydrocannabinol Impurity in Synthetic Cannabidiol
21/21 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
16 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 21 checked references that resolve
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Translational Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a New Age
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Discovery of KLS-13019, a Cannabidiol-Derived Neuroprotective Agent, with Improved Potency, Safety, and Permeability
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Chemical and spectroscopic characterization data of ‘cannabidibutol’, a novel cannabidiol butyl analog
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Isolation of a High-Affinity Cannabinoid for the Human CB1 Receptor from a Medicinal <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Variety: Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabutol, the Butyl Homologue of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol
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Acid-catalysed terpenylations of olivetol in the synthesis of cannabinoids
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Is cannabidiol a scheduled controlled substance? Origin makes the difference
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A Metabolomic Approach Applied to a Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High‐Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method (HPLC‐ESI‐HRMS/MS): Towards the Comprehensive Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Cannabis Medicinal Extracts
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Cannabinoid Profiling of Hemp Seed Oil by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Medicinal cannabis: Principal cannabinoids concentration and their stability evaluated by a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry method
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Phytochemical and Ecological Analysis of Two Varieties of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Grown in a Mountain Environment of Italian Alps
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Parental reporting of response to oral cannabis extracts for treatment of refractory epilepsy
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Identification of Psychoactive Degradants of Cannabidiol in Simulated Gastric and Physiological Fluid
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Development of a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites in rat whole blood after oral administration of a single high dose of CBD
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Untargeted rat brain metabolomics after oral administration of a single high dose of cannabidiol
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The 16 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedAudra Lynn Stinchcomb MJG Dana Carmel Hammell Jeffrey Lynn Howard et al (2009) Prodrugs of cannabidiol compositions comprising prodrugs of cannabidiol and methods of using the same. US Patent US8293786B2 February 5 2009.
no DOI — not checkedCitti C, , Linciano P, , Forni F, et al. Analysis of impurities of cannabidiol from hemp. Isolation, characterization and synthesis of cannabidibutol, the novel cannabidiol butyl analog. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019; 175:112752.
no DOI — not checkedCitti C, , Linciano P, , Russo F, et al. A novel phytocannabinoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with an in vivo cannabimimetic activity higher than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol. Sci Rep. 2019; 9:20335.
no DOI — not checkedDaniel Dickman DL. Crystalline Form of Cannabidiol. US Patent 20170349518 May 31 2017.
no DOI — not checkedMarc Bencivenga MFH Paul Jass Surendra Singh et al. Synthetic cannabidiol compositions and methods of making the same. WO2019046806A1 August 31 2018.
no DOI — not checkedLukas Dialer DP Ulrich Weigl. Process for preparation of (−)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and derivatives thereof. WO2017011210A1 January 19 2017.
no DOI — not checkedKupper RJ. Cannabinoid active pharmaceutical ingredient for improved dosage forms. WO2006133941A2 December 21 2006.
no DOI — not checkedGutman AL Nisnevich GA Rukhman I et al. Methods for purifying trans-(−)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and trans-(+)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol US Patent US 8383842B2 February 26 2013.
no DOI — not checkedDavid C. Burdick SJC Frédéric Jos et al. Process for production of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. US Patent US7674922B2 April 12 2007.
no DOI — not checkedMakriyannis A Nikas SP Alapafuja SO. Angiogenic resorcinol derivatives as activators of non-CB1 and non-CB2 cannabinoid receptors. WO/2011/006099 January 13 2011.
no DOI — not checkedSingle Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol (revised edition 2013). New York: United Nations November 2013.
no DOI — not checkedCosmetic Ingredient Database (CosIng): Cannabidiol (2019) European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.results. Accessed November7 2019.
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no DOI — not checkedGerhard Nahler FG, , Antonio Waldo Zuardi, , José A.S. Crippa. A conversion of oral cannabidiol to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol seems not to occur in humans. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2017; 2:81–86.
no DOI — not checkedGuy G Wright S Mead A et al. Use of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy. US Patent US Patent WO2016059403A1 2016.
no DOI — not checkedICH Q3A (R2) Impurities in new drug substances (CPMP/ICH/2737/99). UK: European Medicines Agency 2006.
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