Reference health
Pre-adult influences on cardiovascular disease
3 of 151 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-07-25
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
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References needing attention
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does not resolve to a known work10.1001/archinte.154.16.1842
does not resolve to a known work10.1001/jama.268.1.68
The 148 checked references that resolve
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The search for new risk factors for coronary heart disease: occupational therapy for epidemiologists?
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CORONARY DISEASE AMONG UNITED STATES SOLDIERS KILLED IN ACTION IN KOREA
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Prevalence and Extent of Atherosclerosis in Adolescents and Young Adults<SUBTITLE>Implications for Prevention From the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study</SUBTITLE>
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Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged 11–16 years: cross sectional surveys of waist circumference
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The Relation of Overweight to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Children and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children: a prospective study
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Type 2 diabetes among North adolescents: An epidemiologic health perspective
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A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives
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Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales.
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INFANT MORTALITY, CHILDHOOD NUTRITION, AND ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE IN ENGLAND AND WALES
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Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.
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Cardiovascular risk factors in British children from towns with widely differing adult cardiovascular mortality
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Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life
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The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life.
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Birthweight, body-mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease
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Birthweight, adult risk factors and incident coronary heart disease: the Caerphilly study
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Birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of women followed up since 1976
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Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29
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Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: longitudinal study
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Growth in utero and during childhood among women who develop coronary heart disease: longitudinal study
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Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study
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Size at birth and coronary artery disease in a population with high birth weight
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Relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischaemic heart disease.
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Birth weight, weight at one year, and left ventricular mass in adult life.
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Mothers' pelvic size, fetal growth, and death from stroke and coronary heart disease in men in the UK
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Maternal Glucose Concentration Influences Fetal Growth, Gestation, and Pregnancy Complications
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Prenatal growth and risk of occlusive and haemorrhagic stroke in Swedish men and women born 1915-29: historical cohort study
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The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure
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Secular changes in blood pressure in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood: systematic review of trends from 1948 to 1998
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Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: lifecourse study
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10404-4
Impaired fetal growth and atherosclerosis of carotid and peripheral arteries
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Association of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence with Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness and Major Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993
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Carotid Wall Thickness is Predictive of Incident Clinical Stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
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Relative Importance of Various Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis versus Coronary Heart Disease Incidence: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study
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Review of the Evidence on Fetal and Early Childhood Antecedents of Adult Chronic Disease
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09834-3
Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure?
resolves10.1097/00004872-199917010-00004
Is the effect of low birth weight on cardiovascular mortality mediated through high blood pressure?
resolves10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00391-2
Intrauterine Programming of Cardiovascular Disease by Maternal Nutritional Status
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Long-term effects on offspring of intrauterine exposure to deficits in nutrition
resolves10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1101
Plasma lipid profiles in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine
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Coronary heart disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine, 1944-45
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Adult survival after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine 1944–45
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Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study
resolves10.1136/bmj.315.7103.281
Long term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on the blood pressure of offspring: follow up of a randomised controlled trial
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07546-1
The fetal insulin hypothesis: an alternative explanation of the association of low bir thweight with diabetes and vascular disease
resolves10.1093/bmb/60.1.89
The role of genetic susceptibility in the association of low birth weight with type 2 diabetes
resolves10.2337/diabetes.52.1.187
The Insulin Gene Variable Number Tandem Repeat Class I/III Polymorphism Is in Linkage Disequilibrium With Birth Weight but Not Type 2 Diabetes in the Pima Population
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05817-6
Mitochondrial 16189 variant, thinness at birth, and type-2 diabetes
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91112-6
Ischaemic heart disease and low birth weight: a test of the fetal-origins hypothesis from the Swedish Twin Registry
resolves10.1136/bmj.310.6977.432
Mortality among twins after age 6: fetal origins hypothesis versus twin method
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Twins and maternal smoking: ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study
resolves10.1375/1369052012560
Comparing Blood Pressure of Twins and Their Singleton Siblings: Being a Twin Does Not Affect Adult Blood Pressure
resolves10.1375/1369052012669
Fetal Growth and the Fetal Origins Hypothesis in Twins — Problems and Perspectives
resolves10.1016/0002-9378(79)90382-X
Sonar cephalometry in twins: A table of biparietal diameters for normal twin fetuses and a comparison with singletons
resolves10.1016/0140-6736(93)91086-2
Twin studies in medical research: can they tell us whether diseases are genetically determined?
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05111-4
Birthweight, early environment, and genetics: a study of twins discordant for acute myocardial infarction
resolves10.1136/bmj.315.7117.1189
Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: prospective observational study
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03406-1
Birth dimensions of offspring, premature birth, and the mortality of mothers
resolves10.1136/bmj.320.7238.839
Relation between infants' birth weight and mothers' mortality: prospective observational study
resolves10.1136/jech.57.6.462
Association between offspring birth weight and atherosclerosis in middle aged men and women: British Regional Heart Study:
Table 1
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05112-6
Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129 290 births
resolves10.1136/bmj.326.7379.19
Parental diabetes and birth weight of offspring: intergenerational cohort study
resolves10.1203/00006450-199511000-00017
Growth in Full- Term Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants: From Birth to Final Height
resolves10.2105/AJPH.83.8.1130
Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality.
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12895-4
Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm
resolves10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600904
Infant-feeding patterns are related to blood cholesterol concentration in prepubertal children aged 5–11 y: The Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé study
resolves10.1136/adc.82.3.248
Infant feeding and adult glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and obesity
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04004-6
Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood pressure: two cohorts after randomised trials
resolves10.1136/bmj.322.7287.643
Duration of breast feeding and arterial distensibility in early adult life: population based study
resolves10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024800
Lowering blood pressure: a systematic review of sustained effects of non-pharmacological interventions
resolves10.1080/08035250117932
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and perinatal development
resolves10.1136/bmj.326.7396.953
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infant formula and blood pressure in later childhood: follow up of a randomised controlled trial
resolves10.1097/00000441-199512000-00007
Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis in Youth Autopsy Findings of the Bogalusa Heart Study
resolves10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80353-2
Coronary heart disease risk factors in school children: The Muscatine study
resolves10.1016/0735-1097(95)00461-0
Coronary risk factors measured in childhood and young adult life are associated with coronary artery calcification in young adults: The muscatine study
resolves10.1006/pmed.1995.1097
The Emergence of Clinically Abnormal Levels of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Variables Among Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart-Study
resolves10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117739
Prediction of Adult Cardiovascular Multifactorial Risk Status from Childhood Risk Factor Levels: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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The relation between adult height and haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in the Renfrew/Paisley study: Table 1
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Adult height and mortality in London: early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage?
resolves10.1093/ije/31.2.390
Commentary: Can adult anthropometry be used as a ‘biomarker’ for prenatal and childhood exposures?
resolves10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13688.x
Relationship between height, sitting height and subisehial leg length in Dutch children: presentation of normal values
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Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: comparison with British and with Japanese Americans
resolves10.1136/jech.55.12.867
Leg length, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk: The Caerphilly Study
resolves10.1136/jech.52.3.142
Childhood leg length and adult mortality: follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain.
resolves10.1007/s00125-002-0887-5
The association between components of adult height and Type II diabetes and insulin resistance: British Women's Heart and Health Study
resolves10.1136/jech.57.2.141
Associations of height, leg length, and lung function with cardiovascular risk factors in the Midspan Family Study
resolves10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.0120s1096.x
Socio‐economic and dietary influences on leg length and trunk length in childhood: a reanalysis of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in prewar Britain (1937–39)
resolves10.1093/ije/31.2.383
Leg and trunk length at 43 years in relation to childhood health, diet and family circumstances; evidence from the 1946 national birth cohort
resolves10.1080/03014468700009381
Growth of children from 0–5 years: with special reference to mother's smoking in pregnancy
resolves10.1093/aje/kwf154
Is There a Sex Difference in the Association between Birth Weight and Systolic Blood Pressure in Later Life? Findings from a Meta-Regression Analysis
resolves10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009570
Infections and Atherosclerosis: New Clues from an Old Hypothesis?
resolves10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb00084.x
Viral and bacterial infections in patients with acute myocardial infarction
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Association of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors
resolves10.1136/hrt.74.5.497
Helicobacter pylori infection: relation with cardiovascular risk factors, ischaemic heart disease, and social class.
resolves10.1016/S0163-4453(95)80006-9
Chlamydia pneumoniae: Risk factors for seropositivity and association with coronary heart disease
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92195-8
High seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in coronary heart disease
resolves10.1136/hrt.75.6.568
Prospective relations between Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart disease, and stroke in middle aged men.
resolves10.1161/01.CIR.101.14.1647
Prospective Study of Potentially Virulent Strains of
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
and Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Men
resolves10.1053/euhj.2001.2801
Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA titres and coronary heart disease. Prospective study and meta-analysis
resolves10.1016/0140-6736(92)90931-R
Childhood living conditions and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in adult life
resolves10.1136/gut.39.1.18
Helicobacter pylori infection in children: relation with current household living conditions.
resolves10.1136/jech.36.1.27
Infant diarrhoea and subsequent mortality from heart disease and cancer.
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C Reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: a population based cross sectional study
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Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses
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Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood: risk factors and effect on growth
resolves10.1093/ije/30.1.57
Commentary: Fetal origins of cardiovascular risk—nutritional and non-nutritional
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Commentary: The catch-up dilemma— relevance of Leitch's ‘low–high’ pig to child growth in developing countries
resolves10.1046/j.1467-789X.2002.00072.x
The lifecycle effects of nutrition and body size on adult adiposity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease
resolves10.1136/bmj.312.7028.401
Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men
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Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years
The 27 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checked2025041705312565100_acprof-9780198578154-bibItem-261
no DOI — not checkedThe world health report 2000. Health systems: improving performance
no DOI — not checkedCoronary heart disease epidemiology: from aetiology to public health
no DOI — not checkedThe imprint of time: childhood, history and adult life
no DOI — not checkedAre poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease?
no DOI — not checkedLife course approaches to inequalities in coronary heart disease risk.
no DOI — not checkedBlood pressure, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke: the Korean National Health System Study.
no DOI — not checkedThe relationship between birthweight and intima-media thickness in middle age: The ARIC study.
no DOI — not checkedMothers, babies and health in later life
no DOI — not checkedA life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology
no DOI — not checkedFetal growth is associated with parents’ cardiovascular mortality.
no DOI — not checkedBirthweight of offspring and insulin resistance in late adulthood: cross sectional survey using data from the British Women’s Heart and Health Study.
no DOI — not checkedBirth characteristics of offspring and parental diabetes.
no DOI — not checkedBirthweight of offspring and paternal insulin resistance and diabetes in late adulthood: cross-sectional survey.
no DOI — not checkedGenetic risk factors in mothers and offspring.
no DOI — not checkedStages in development of coronary disease observed from 1,500 young subjects. Relationship of hypotension and infant feeding to aetiology.
no DOI — not checkedMyocardial infarction and infant feeding.
no DOI — not checkedChildhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review,
no DOI — not checkedAtherosclerosis and its origin
no DOI — not checkedFactors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels: The Muscatine Study.
no DOI — not checkedCardiovascular risk factors in children. The early natural history of atherosclerosis and essential hypertension
no DOI — not checked2025041705312565100_acprof-9780198578154-bibItem-408
no DOI — not checkedAssociation between breast feeding and growth in childhood through to adulthood: the Boyd Orr cohort study.
no DOI — not checkedFactors influencing the height of seven year old children—results from the national child development study.
no DOI — not checked2025041705312565100_acprof-9780198578154-bibItem-420
no DOI — not checked2025041705312565100_acprof-9780198578154-bibItem-433
no DOI — not checkedLife course perspectives on coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes: key issues and implications for policy and research
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