Reference health
The evolutionary origins of Syngnathidae: pipefishes and seahorses
36/36 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
46 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 36 checked references that resolve
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“Paradox Lost”: Skeletal Ontogeny of Indostomus paradoxus and Its Significance for the Phylogenetic Relationships of Indostomidae (Teleostei, Gasterosteiformes)
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The origin and evolution of seahorses (genus Hippocampus): a phylogenetic study using the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA
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Repeatability of clades as a criterion of reliability: a case study for molecular phylogeny of Acanthomorpha (Teleostei) with larger number of taxa
resolves10.1016/j.crvi.2005.04.002
Further support for the clades obtained by multiple molecular phylogenies in the acanthomorph bush
resolves10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00429.x
Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management
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The differential characters of the syngnathid and hippocampid fishes
resolves10.1093/icb/45.5.874
The Measurement of Sexual Selection Using Bateman's Principles: An Experimental Test in the Sex-Role-Reversed Pipefish Syngnathus typhle
resolves10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.009
Interrelationships of the 11 gasterosteiform families (sticklebacks, pipefishes, and their relatives): A new perspective based on whole mitogenome sequences from 75 higher teleosts
resolves10.1134/S0032945206100055
Interrelationships of Gasterosteiformes (Actinopterygii, Percomorpha)
resolves10.3853/j.0067-1975.53.2001.1350
Revision of the Australian seahorses of the genus Hippocampus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) with descriptions of nine new species
resolves10.1016/j.quaint.2005.05.019
Evolutionary dynamics in the fish faunas of the Mediterranean basin during the Plio-Pleistocene
resolves10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02464.x
Dispersal, habitat differences, and comparative phylogeography of Southeast Asian seahorses (Syngnathidae:<i>Hippocampus</i>)
resolves10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003741
Mitogenomic Exploration of Higher Teleostean Phylogenies: A Case Study for Moderate-Scale Evolutionary Genomics with 38 Newly Determined Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
resolves10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00332-9
Major patterns of higher teleostean phylogenies: a new perspective based on 100 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences
resolves10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00483.x
The phylogenetic position of toadfishes (order Batrachoidiformes) in the higher ray-finned fish as inferred from partitioned Bayesian analysis of 102 whole mitochondrial genome sequences
resolves10.2307/1443620
Evolutionary Relationships of the Sea Moths (Teleostei: Pegasidae) with a Classification of Gasterosteiform Families
resolves10.1080/00222931308693305
I.—<i>The osteology and classification of the Teleostean fishes of the Order Scleroparei</i>
resolves10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[35:CTPNWT]2.0.CO;2
Casting the Percomorph Net Widely: The Importance of Broad Taxonomic Sampling in the Search for the Placement of Serranid and Percid Fishes
resolves10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.006
Polyphyly of the mail-cheeked fishes (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data
resolves10.1098/rsbl.2009.0152
Evolution of seahorses' upright posture was linked to Oligocene expansion of seagrass habitats
resolves10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00214-8
The evolutionary history of seahorses (Syngnathidae: Hippocampus): molecular data suggest a West Pacific origin and two invasions of the Atlantic Ocean
resolves10.3354/meps286249
Molecular evidence for long-distance colonization in an Indo-Pacific seahorse lineage
resolves10.1186/1471-2148-7-138
Signatures of seaway closures and founder dispersal in the phylogeny of a circumglobally distributed seahorse lineage
resolves10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01296.x
The Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH) fish collection as a global biodiversity archive for elasmobranchs and actinopterygians as well as other fish taxa
resolves10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02911.x
Genetic signature of recent glaciation on populations of a near‐shore marine fish species (<i>Syngnathus leptorhynchus</i>)
resolves10.1093/jhered/92.2.159
Male Pregnancy in Seahorses and Pipefishes (Family Syngnathidae): Rapid Diversification of Paternal Brood Pouch Morphology Inferred From a Molecular Phylogeny
resolves10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00345.x
THE DYNAMICS OF MALE BROODING, MATING PATTERNS, AND SEX ROLES IN PIPEFISHES AND SEAHORSES (FAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE)
resolves10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00449.x
Convergent camouflage and the non-monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids
resolves10.1016/j.annpal.2009.03.002
Two new species of seahorses (Syngnathidae, Hippocampus) from the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) Coprolitic Horizon in Tunjice Hills, Slovenia: The oldest fossil record of seahorses
The 46 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedArmstrong P.(2001).Genetic and morphological variation in pot‐bellied seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis): is there evidence for two species?BSc (Hons) Thesis School of Aquaculture University of Tasmania Australia.
no DOI — not checkedEine fossile Schlangennadel (Syngnathidae) aus dem Leithakalk (Badenien) von St. Margarethen, Burgenland (Österreich).
no DOI — not checkedClassification of fishes, both recent and fossil.
no DOI — not checkedLa faune ichthyologique des gisements du Monte Bolca (Province de Verone, Italie).
no DOI — not checkedLa règne animal distribué d’après son organisation, pur servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie compare.
no DOI — not checkedHistoire Naturelle des Poissons.
no DOI — not checkedBony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus.
no DOI — not checkedIndo‐pacific Pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas).
no DOI — not checkedFishes of the North‐eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean
no DOI — not checkedFishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part Eight–Family Syngnathidae.
no DOI — not checkedHistoire Naturelle des Poissons ou Ichthyologie Générale.
no DOI — not checkedDie Gattungen der Syngnathidae.
no DOI — not checkedRevision der Syngnathidae.
no DOI — not checkedRevision of the eastern Pacific Syngnathidae (Pisces: Syngnathiformes), including both recent and fossil forms.
no DOI — not checkedArrangement of the families of fishes, or classes Pisces, Marsipobranchii, and Leptocardii.
no DOI — not checkedOn the mutual relations of the hemibranchiate fishes.
no DOI — not checkedCollectae Palaeoichthyologicae, Part II.
no DOI — not checkedPhyletic studies of teleostean fishes with a provisional classification of living forms.
no DOI — not checkedGrundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik.
no DOI — not checkedPhylogenetic Systematics.
no DOI — not checkedA systematic analysis of variation in the western American pipefish, Syngnathus californiensis.
no DOI — not checkedFrom pipefish to seahorse – a study of phylogenetic relationships.
no DOI — not checkedDemise of the Scorpaeniformes (Actinopterygii: Percomorpha): an alternative phylogenetic hypothesis.
no DOI — not checkedPercomorph phylogeny: a survey of acanthomorphs and a new proposal.
no DOI — not checkedIchthyotomical contributions I. The structure of the genera Amphisile and Centriscus.
no DOI — not checkedIchthyotomical contributions II. The structure of the Aulostomidae, Syngnathidae and Solenostomidae.
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no DOI — not checkedA framework of ichthyofaunal ecostratigraphy of the Oligocene‐Early Miocene strata of the Polish Outer Carpathian basin.
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no DOI — not checkedLouie K. D.(2003).Genetic structure and phylogeography of four eastern Pacific estuarine species with an emphasis on eelgrass dependent taxa.PhD Thesis University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA.
no DOI — not checkedFishes of the World.
no DOI — not checkedNickel J. E.(2009).The diversity ofHippocampus abdominalisin New Zealand.PhD Thesis University of Waikato New Zealand.
no DOI — not checkedA new Eocene teleost from Denmark.
no DOI — not checkedOrr J. W.(1995).Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiform fishes (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha).PhD Thesis University of Washington Seattle WA USA.
no DOI — not checkedCharles Eric “Chuck” Dawson 1922–1993.
no DOI — not checkedHistorical Portrait of the Progress of Ichthyology From its Origin to Our Own Time
no DOI — not checkedThe fish of the Indawgyi Lake and the streams of the Myitkyina District (Upper Burma).
no DOI — not checkedFossile fische aus dem Mittelmiozän (Tarchan) von Nord‐Anatolien (Türkei).
no DOI — not checkedStudy of the dorsal gill‐arch musculature of teleostome fishes, with special reference to the Actinopterygii, Appendix. Phylogenetic analysis of the families of acanthomorph fishes based on dorsal gill‐arch muscles and skeleton.
no DOI — not checkedBeiträge zur Kenntniss der fossilen Fisch Fauna Österreichs. II. Über einen fossilen Lephobranchier von Radoboj in Croatien
no DOI — not checkedWoodall L.(2009).Population genetics and mating systems of European seahorsesHippocampus guttulatusandHippocampus hippocampus.PhD Thesis University of London Royal Holloway UK.
no DOI — not checkedFroese R.&Pauly D.(2010).FishBase.Available atwww.fishbase.org
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