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Costs and Benefits of High Mutation Rates: Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria in the Mouse Gut
19/19 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-26
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
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The 19 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1126/science.277.5333.1833
Highly Variable Mutation Rates in Commensal and Pathogenic
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
resolves10.1126/science.274.5290.1208
High Mutation Frequencies Among
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
and
<i>Salmonella</i>
Pathogens
resolves10.1016/0165-7992(81)90081-6
Incidence of mutator strains in Escherichia coli and coliforms in nature
resolves10.1126/science.288.5469.1251
High Frequency of Hypermutable
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infection
resolves10.1007/BF00328719
Competition between isogenic mutS and mut + populations of Escherichia coli K12 in continuously growing cultures
resolves10.1093/genetics/152.2.485
Mutators, Population Size, Adaptive Landscape and the Adaptation of Asexual Populations of Bacteria
resolves10.1098/rstb.1995.0015
Editing DNA replication and recombination by mismatch repair: from bacterial genetics to mechanisms of predisposition to cancer in humans
resolves10.1128/IAI.69.1.9-14.2001
Mutator Natural
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
Isolates Have an Unusual Virulence Phenotype
resolves10.1126/science.283.5400.404
Diminishing Returns from Mutation Supply Rate in Asexual Populations
resolves10.1093/genetics/154.3.959
The Consequences of Growth of a Mutator Strain of Escherichia coli as Measured by Loss of Function Among Multiple Gene Targets and Loss of Fitness
resolves10.1126/science.271.5253.1282
Enhanced Fidelity of 3TC-Selected Mutant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
The 8 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedSupplemental text describing detailed methods and results Web figures 1 through 4 and Web table 1 are available at Science Online at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5513/2606/DC1.
no DOI — not checkedGiven that rifampicin-resistant mutants are not selected for in the mouse gut their frequency is an indicator of the overall population mutation rate (13).
no DOI — not checkedThe mutation rate of a clone from mouse m2 (Fig. 1) transformed with a plasmid carrying the mutH wild-type allele was reduced to its wild-type ancestor level. The mutation rate of a clone from mouse m1 (Fig. 1) was reduced to its wild-type ancestor level when transformed with a plasmid carrying mutS or mutH wild-type alleles. Results of the complementation are available at (13).
no DOI — not checkedSwitching the antibiotic resistance markers had no effect on competition. Detailed description of the strain construction is available at (13).
no DOI — not checkedThe fixation of neutral or deleterious mutations in populations with a high mutation rate undergoing strong bottlenecks is known as Muller's ratchet [
no DOI — not checked]. To model our experimental conditions the accumulation of neutral mutations in large populations subjected to directional selection was simulated on the basis of the model published by Tenaillon et al. (10). Even if the increase in the frequency of selective sweeps in mutator populations depended on the strength of selection neutral mutations always accumulated 100-fold faster than in nonmutator populations (data not shown).
no DOI — not checkedDifferent types of auxotrophs were isolated both between and within mice thus suggesting that these mutations were not adaptive. See (13).
no DOI — not checkedWe are grateful to J. P. Coutanceau A. M. Cirinesi and C. Dohet for their technical help; F. Marcille for her constructive discussion; and D. Brégeon L. Le Chat V. Colot M. S. Fox E. C. Friedberg B. Godelle A. Gomez E. Stewart and M. Vulic for comments on the manuscript. Funded by the Ligue contre le cancer the Association de la Recherche contre le Cancer the Programme Environnement et Santé (MATE) the Fondation pour la recherche Médicale and the Programme de Recherche Fondamentale en Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires (MENRT).
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